Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

155 questions · 156 findings · 14 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 45 · 28.8%GRADE not reported 3 · 1.9%Very low 53 · 34%Low 31 · 19.9%Moderate 16 · 10.3%High 8 · 5.1%

Summary of findings table ‐ 20 mL 1% lidocaine paracervical block vs normal saline paracervical block

Pain during procedure ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at 13+6 weeks' gestation or less (Chin 2020 included people experiencing an early pregnancy loss)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus intramuscular morphine vs IM morphine

Number of women requiring rescue medication · women undergoing PPTL under local anaesthesia

Combination of lidocaine intraperitoneal instillation plus… may leads to lower number of women requiring rescue medication compared with intramuscular morphine alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with dilation ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Two pumps of 10% cervical lidocaine spray and paracervical block vs two pumps of cervical normal saline spray and paracervical block

Pain with aspiration ‐ not measured · people requesting a surgical abortion at seven weeks' gestation or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review