Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

249 questions · 255 findings · 18 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 68 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 5 · 2%Very low 102 · 40%Low 44 · 17.3%Moderate 32 · 12.5%High 4 · 1.6%

Laser therapy vs Photodynamic therapy

Dysphagia improvement (2‐point grade or more) · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

Laser showed no clear difference in dysphagia improvement (2‐point grade or more) compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser therapy vs Photodynamic therapy

Adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects · patients with dysphagia in oesophageal cancer

Laser showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ All adverse effects compared with photodynamic therapy (PDT) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes structural outcome ‐ retinal detachment compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Structural outcome ‐ complete retinal detachment (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes structural outcome ‐ complete retinal detachment (unit of analysis:… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy may leads to lower refractive error ‐ very high myopia ‐ at 30 months of age (unit of… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Mortality before hospital discharge · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy showed no clear difference in mortality before discharge from primary hospital compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Mortality at 30 months of age · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy showed no clear difference in mortality at 30 months of age compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ corneal opacity requiring corneal transplant… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Local adverse effects ‐ lens opacity requiring cataract removal (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes local adverse effects ‐ lens opacity requiring cataract removal… compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP (up to 6 months of age) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes recurrence of ROP (up to 6 months of age) compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy vs conventional laser/cryotherapy

Recurrence of ROP (unit of analysis: eyes) · preterm infants with type 1 ROP

It is very uncertain whether anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy changes recurrence of ROP (unit of analysis: eyes) compared with conventional laser/cryotherapy (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic administration of beta‐blockers vs placebo or no treatment

Treatment with laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy · Prevention of retinopathy of prematurity in preterm infants

Systemic administration of beta‐blockers may leads to lower treatment with laser photocoagulation or cryotherapy compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laser photocoagulation vs no intervention

Worsening of BCVA defined as ≥ 15 ETDRS letters (i.e. 3 ETDRS lines or 0.3 logMAR · people with diabetic macular oedema

Laser photocoagulation probably leads to lower worsening of BCVA defined as ≥ 15 ETDRS letters (i.e. 3 ETDRS lines… compared with no intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review