Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

159 questions · 192 findings · 40 reviews · Tobacco Addiction

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No studies found 8 · 4.2%GRADE not reported 1 · 0.5%Very low 56 · 29.2%Low 70 · 36.5%Moderate 43 · 22.4%High 14 · 7.3%

Intervention not reported

Abstinence or quit rates ( · Adults who smoke

1 finding from 1 review

Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Quit attempts ( · Adults who smoke

1 finding from 1 review

Mass media interventions for smoking cessation in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intervention not reported

Outcomes1 · adults who want to stop smoking

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Interactive and tailored versus non‐active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention may leads to higher interactive and tailored versus non‐active control Self‐report or… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.15 [1.01, 1.3]
8 studies · 6786 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Internet versus active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in internet versus active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.92 [0.78, 1.09]
5 studies · 3806 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based non‐active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention probably leads to higher internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.69 [1.3, 2.18]
5 studies · 2334 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based active control Self‐report or bio‐verified smoking cessation · adults who want to stop smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in internet plus behavioural support versus non‐Internet‐based active… (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Internet‐based interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.84, 1.18]
4 studies · 2769 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Cessation outcome Self‐reported/verified abstinence · Smokers

1 finding from 1 review

System change interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 7142 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Provision of cessation counselling Proportion of smokers counselled to quit · Smokers

1 finding from 1 review

System change interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 10949 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Asking about tobacco use Proportion of smokers asked about tobacco use · Smokers

1 finding from 1 review

System change interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 2615 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Provision of cessation advice Proportion of smokers advised to quit · Smokers

1 finding from 1 review

System change interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3003 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Quitline referral Proportion of smokers referred to quitline · Smokers

1 finding from 1 review

System change interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 3006 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Quitline enrolment Proportion of smokers enrolled in quitline · Smokers

1 finding from 1 review

System change interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1191 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Prescription of NRT or other pharmacotherapy Proportion of smokers received NRT prescription · Smokers

1 finding from 1 review

System change interventions for smoking cessation 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 2615 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Long‐term change in health status · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

Cessation: NRT vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention may leads to higher cessation: NRT vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.87 [1.43, 2.44]
8 studies · 3081 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Bupropion vs. placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Bupropion vs. placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.27 [0.67, 2.4]
1 study · 594 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Varenicline vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Varenicline vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.95 [0.86, 4.4]
1 study · 218 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Ecigs vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Ecigs vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.75 [0.97, 7.76]
1 study · 300 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Cessation: Snus vs placebo · Smokers who cannot or do not want to quit smoking

The intervention showed no clear difference in cessation: Snus vs placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.06 [0.84, 11.08]
1 study · 319 participants
Low