What do systematic reviews say?

Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control

It is very uncertain whether preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) changes infectious complications compared with usual care or control (very low certainty).

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.59, 1.38]
  2 studies · 126 participants
  Very low

Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 126 participants
  Very low

Preoperative enteral nutrition (standard formula) vs usual care or control

• Preoperative nutrition therapy in people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 26 participants
  GRADE not reported

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution

• Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution

• Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution

• Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula vs standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution

Parenteral nutrition plus branched‐chain‐amino‐acid‐enriched formula showed no clear difference in mortality [within first 10 weeks after liver transplantation] compared with standard isotonic intravenous glucose solution (low certainty).

• Nutritional interventions for liver‐transplanted patients 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.46 [0.01, 10.51]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Directed stress management (it is unclear whether these interventions replaced standard treatment or were added to standard treatment) vs usual care

• Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Self‐directed stress management (it is unclear whether these interventions replaced standard treatment or were added to standard treatment) vs usual care

• Interventions for the management of abdominal pain in Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 114 participants
  Low

Very high protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Moderate

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Very high protein vs high protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 48 participants
  Low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

High protein vs low protein intake (restricted to studies meeting all a priori inclusion criteria)

• Higher versus lower protein intake in formula‐fed low birth weight infants 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 46 participants
  Low