Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,454 questions · 3,562 findings · 816 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 538 · 15.1%GRADE not reported 239 · 6.7%Very low 933 · 26.2%Low 1,041 · 29.2%Moderate 612 · 17.2%High 199 · 5.6%

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in leaving the study early: insufficient response ‐ When compared with… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) probably leads to lower global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when compared with high dose (greater than or equal to 10 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in global state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ CGI‐I ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Mental state: No clinically important improvement · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) probably leads to lower mental state: 1. No clinically important improvement ‐ PANSS ‐ when… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

4 findings from 1 review
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STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 6. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus low dose (greater than or equal to 2‐<4 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus low dose (greater than or… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) vs ANY DOSE ‐ short term

Adverse effects: 5a. Movement disorders ‐ specific symptoms ‐ EPS: unspecified ‐ versus standard‐lower dose (greater than or equal to 4‐<6 mg/day) · patients with schizophrenia

STANDARD‐HIGHER DOSE (greater than or equal to 6‐<10 mg/day) showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: unspecified ‐ Versus standard‐lower dose… compared with ANY DOSE ‐ short term (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in BPD or death by it prior to 37 weeks' PMA (outcomes collected… compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral administration (repeat doses of 80 mg/kg/day) in preterm infants born at less than 30 weeks' PMA vs placebo

All‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death, hospital discharge, hospital transfer, or 120 days after birth) · preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome

Inositol supplementation IV initially followed by enteral… showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality (outcome collected through first event: death,… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

TENS vs sham TENS

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 3 to 18 years with daytime urinary incontinence

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) may leads to higher resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 7 to 20 weeks'… compared with placebo (sham TENS) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

Voiding education with uroflow feedback and urotherapy showed no clear difference in resolution of daytime urinary incontinence at 6 to 12 months after 6… compared with urotherapy alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Timer watch plus standard urotherapy vs urotherapy alone

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 14 years with overactive bladder and at least one episode of daytime urinary incontinence per week

It is very uncertain whether timer watch plus standard urotherapy changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence after 3 months of treatment compared with standard urotherapy alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard urotherapy vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic biofeedback and standard urotherapy

Resolution of daytime urinary incontinence · children aged 5 to 16 years with daytime urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and standard… changes resolution of daytime urinary incontinence compared with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with electromyographic… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review