Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

179 questions · 212 findings · 21 reviews · Oral Health

No studies found 3 · 1.4%GRADE not reported 135 · 63.7%Very low 17 · 8%Low 30 · 14.2%Moderate 27 · 12.7%High 0 · 0%

Flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, proanthocyanidin) vs Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Etch-and-Rinse adhesive + biological ACAD protocol network, Flavonoids showed 12.771 MPa lower 24 h bond strength than Calcium Phosphate (MD -12.771, 95% CI -20.538 to -5.003; Moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

HEMA/EGDMA-based desensitizer vs Calcium-based agent

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, HEMA vs Calcium showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD 3.023, 95% CI -3.815 to 9.861; Moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

HEMA/EGDMA-based desensitizer vs Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, HEMA vs Calcium Phosphate showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD 0.360, 95% CI -5.589 to 6.309; Moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Hydroxyapatite (e.g., nano-HAp) vs Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, HAp showed 4.455 MPa lower 24 h bond strength than Calcium Phosphate (MD -4.455, 95% CI -8.857 to -0.053; Moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Mesoporous silica (SiO2) vs Calcium phosphate agent (e.g., CPP-ACP, Ca/P-PILP, niobophosphate)

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, Silica vs Calcium Phosphate showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD -0.699, 95% CI -7.633 to 6.234; Moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, proanthocyanidin) vs Calcium-based agent

Immediate (24 h) resin-dentin bond strength (MPa) · Artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD) in extracted permanent human teeth (in vitro)

In the Self-Etch adhesive + chemical ACAD protocol network, Flavonoids vs Calcium showed no significant difference in 24 h bond strength (MD 5.728, 95% CI -2.442 to 13.897; Moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) graft vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis and carious pulp exposure (treated with full pulpotomy)

Platelet-rich fibrin and calcium hydroxide showed no significant difference in success (ungraded; effect size not reported).

1 finding from 1 review

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing pulpotomy

The effect of MTA versus CH after pulpotomy is uncertain (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) vs Tricalcium silicate (TCS) paste (applied twice daily)

Remineralization/arrest of early enamel carious lesions · Patients with early enamel carious lesions on permanent molars

For early enamel lesions, annual SDF+KI was significantly LESS effective than twice-daily tricalcium silicate paste (54.8% vs 100% arrested; p<0.001; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in immature permanent teeth

The effect of MTA versus CH in immature teeth is very uncertain (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

38% SDF + potassium iodide solution (applied annually) vs CPP-ACP

Remineralization/arrest of early enamel carious lesions · Patients with early enamel carious lesions on permanent molars

For early enamel lesions, annual SDF+KI was significantly less effective than twice-daily CPP-ACP (54.8% vs 100% arrested; p<0.001; ungraded).

1 finding from 1 review

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth undergoing direct pulp capping

MTA increases clinical and radiographic success versus CH after direct pulp capping (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in permanent teeth with mixed root development

The effect of MTA versus CH in teeth with mixed root development is very uncertain (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Calcium hydroxide (CH)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Patients with carious pulp exposure in mature permanent teeth

MTA increases clinical and radiographic success versus CH in mature teeth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pulpotomy with Biodentine vs Pulpotomy with Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure

Biodentine had a significantly higher pulpotomy success rate than CEM (indirect comparison; numeric estimate not available); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Pulpotomy with Calcium Enriched Mixture (CEM)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure

MTA and CEM did not differ significantly in pulpotomy success (indirect comparison); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulpotomy with Biodentine vs Pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure

Biodentine had a significantly higher pulpotomy success rate than calcium hydroxide (indirect comparison; numeric estimate not available); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review

Pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) vs Pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)

Overall success (composite of clinical and radiographic success) · Human permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure

MTA had a significantly higher pulpotomy success rate than calcium hydroxide (indirect comparison; numeric estimate not available); ungraded.

1 finding from 1 review