Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

219 questions · 228 findings · 18 reviews

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No studies found 36 · 15.8%GRADE not reported 9 · 3.9%Very low 30 · 13.2%Low 71 · 31.1%Moderate 60 · 26.3%High 22 · 9.6%

Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo

Functional outcomes · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments

1 finding from 1 review

Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 813 participants
Moderate

Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo

Adverse events (all adverse events) at 24 weeks · vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments

Donepezil 10 mg leads to higher adverse events (all adverse events) at 24 weeks compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 1.95 [1.2, 3.15]
2 studies · 813 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i leads to higher improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 8.59 [3.95, 18.72]
4 studies · 282 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 509 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.26 [0.07, 1.06]
3 studies · 492 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Physical functioning component of health‐related quality of life, measured using various scales · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 267 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 387 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Cardiac output · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 310 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 303 participants
High

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Improvement in WHO functional class · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in improvement in WHO functional class compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.94 [0.55, 1.6]
1 study · 244 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 36 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

All‐cause mortality · pulmonary arterial hypertension

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 3.19 [0.74, 13.64]
2 studies · 272 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Quality of life Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Quality‐of‐Life questionnaire (higher scores indicate better quality of life) · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 25 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Six‐minute walk distance · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
8 studies · 880 participants
Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

PAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

RAP · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Cardiac index · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Low

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

PVR · pulmonary arterial hypertension

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 11 participants
Low

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Improvement in WHO functional class · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i probably leads to lower improvement in WHO functional class compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.53 [0.32, 0.87]
3 studies · 285 participants
Moderate

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Six‐minute walk distance · people with pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease

1 finding from 1 review

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 284 participants
Moderate