Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

613 questions · 624 findings · 42 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 85 · 13.6%GRADE not reported 37 · 5.9%Very low 211 · 33.8%Low 181 · 29%Moderate 92 · 14.7%High 18 · 2.9%

Antidepressants vs placebo according to any definition

Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

Severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much" improved on the Clinical Global Impression Scale · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants may leads to higher severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ "very much" or "much"… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antidepressants vs placebo

> 50% reduction in depressive symptoms · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence

Antidepressants showed no clear difference in severity of depression dichotomous measures ‐ >50% reduction in… compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tricyclic antidepressants vs placebo

Adverse events (at 4, 6 or 12 weeks) · adults with insomnia

Tricyclic antidepressants showed no clear difference in adverse events (at 4, 6 or 12 weeks) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review