Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,756 questions · 11,779 findings · 747 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,205 · 27.2%GRADE not reported 628 · 5.3%Very low 3,261 · 27.7%Low 2,913 · 24.7%Moderate 1,453 · 12.3%High 319 · 2.7%

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Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(3774) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 4088 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
11 studies · 4118 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(3044) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 3207 participants
Moderate
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 3207 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1935) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1294 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1294 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(543) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 404 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 404 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(4360) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 2278 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 2278 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1941) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1334 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1334 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(295) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1153 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1153 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(354) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 243 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2834) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2109 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(0) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 253 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1774 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2134) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1309 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1309 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(889) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1421 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1421 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2578) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1948 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(60) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2169) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 4007 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(621) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1336 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1336 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(5032) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 4752 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1003) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 533 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(242) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 182 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2693) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 3886 participants
Low