Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,938 questions · 2,020 findings · 107 reviews

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No studies found 570 · 28.2%GRADE not reported 266 · 13.2%Very low 578 · 28.6%Low 462 · 22.9%Moderate 118 · 5.8%High 26 · 1.3%

Intervention not reported

Reduction in fatigue · chronic neuropathic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Telephone‐Delivered Education Group vs sham

Reduction in pain interference, depression,fatigu e · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 163 participants
Very low

Telephone‐Delivered Education Group vs sham

Improvement in pain, self efficacy,patient activation, health‐related quality of life, social role satisfaction,resilience,positive and negative affect · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 163 participants
Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain interference · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

BPI: Brief Pain Inventory · chronic pain in MS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS vs sham

Reduction in disability · chronic back pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in fatigue · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain interference · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Reduction in pain · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Reduction in disability · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Improvement in quality of life · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Reduction in fatigue · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Reduction in depression · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Reduction in Spasms · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

TENS vs sham

Quality of life · chronic back pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Ai Chi Exercises vs sham

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic musculoskeletal pain in people with MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 73 participants
Very low

Ai Chi Exercises vs sham

Reduction in disability · chronic musculoskeletal pain in people with MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 73 participants
Very low

Ai Chi Exercises vs sham

Quality of life · chronic musculoskeletal pain in people with MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 73 participants
Very low