Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,587 questions · 5,761 findings · 495 reviews

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No studies found 1,011 · 17.5%GRADE not reported 1,797 · 31.2%Very low 1,100 · 19.1%Low 1,052 · 18.3%Moderate 649 · 11.3%High 152 · 2.6%

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Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Muscle strength · children with SMA type II

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 70 participants
Low

Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Acquiring the ability to stand or walk · children with SMA type II

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Change in quality of life · children with SMA type II

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Change in pulmonary function · children with SMA type II

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 67 participants
Low

Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Time from beginning of treatment until death or full‐time ventilation · children with SMA type II

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 107 participants
Low

Oral phenylbutyrate vs placebo

Adverse events related to treatment · children with SMA type II

Oral phenylbutyrate probably leads to higher adverse events related to treatment compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Drug treatment for spinal muscular atrophy types II and III 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 3.1 [1.25, 7.84]
1 study · 107 participants
Moderate

Oral ergot alkaloids vs no uterotonic agents

Mean blood loss (mL) visual estimation · women in the third stage of labour

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 289 participants
Low

Oral ergot alkaloids vs no uterotonic agents

Maternal blood loss of 500 mL or greater · women in the third stage of labour

Oral ergot alkaloids showed no clear difference in estimated or measured blood loss of at least 500 mL visual estimation compared with no uterotonic agents (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.72, 1.29]
1 study · 289 participants
Low

Oral ergot alkaloids vs no uterotonic agents

Severe PPH (≥ 1000 mL) · women in the third stage of labour

Oral ergot alkaloids showed no clear difference in estimated or measured blood loss of at least 1000 mL visual estimation compared with no uterotonic agents (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.73 [0.36, 1.5]
1 study · 289 participants
Low

Oral ergot alkaloids vs no uterotonic agents

Haemoglobin (g/dL) · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral ergot alkaloids vs no uterotonic agents

Use of therapeutic uterotonics · women in the third stage of labour

Oral ergot alkaloids showed no clear difference in use of therapeutic uterotonics compared with no uterotonic agents (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.47, 1.34]
1 study · 289 participants
Low

Oral ergot alkaloids vs no uterotonic agents

Elevation of blood pressure · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral ergot alkaloids vs no uterotonic agents

Pain after birth requiring analgesia (not prespecified) · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic use of ergot alkaloids in the third stage of labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 3 to 7 · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids probably leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (moderate certainty).

3 findings from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.33 [1.09, 1.62]
5 studies · 1043 participants
Moderate
Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [1.08, 1.81]
4 studies · 869 participants
Low
Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.87, 1.44]
1 study · 174 participants
Moderate

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids probably leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.23 [1.02, 1.49]
5 studies · 1116 participants
Moderate
Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.85, 1.16]
1 study · 171 participants
Moderate

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days 4 to 14 ‐ Co‐treatment with antibiotics · patients with acute sinusitis

Oral corticosteroids may leads to higher proportion of patients with resolution or improved symptoms at days… compared with placebo or NSAID (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.32 [1.04, 1.68]
4 studies · 945 participants
Low

Oral corticosteroids vs placebo or NSAID

Adverse events · patients with acute sinusitis

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic corticosteroids for acute sinusitis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1193 participants
Moderate

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Complete remission: all renal pathologies · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in complete remission: all renal pathologies compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.61, 1.87]
2 studies · 84 participants
Low

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Complete remission: FSGS · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in complete remission: FSGS compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.43, 2.37]
2 studies · 63 participants
Low

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Complete or partial remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.53, 1.45]
1 study · 53 participants
Low