Early childhood caries (ECC) · Children with average age ≤3 years
No significant association between cesarean vs vaginal delivery and ECC among children with average age ≤3 years (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.67-1.10).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.86 [0.67, 1.10]
10 studies
GRADE not reported
Caries arrest · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
It is very uncertain whether silver diamine fluoride (SDF) changes caries arrest compared with glass ionomer cement (GIC) plus fluoride varnish (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Determinants of oral diseases · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Age, education, income, oral-hygiene behaviour, dental-visit pattern and slum/disadvantaged residence are associated with oral disease; gender effects are disease-specific; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Fourteen studies reported determinants: older age, less education, lower income, poor oral hygiene behaviour (brushing frequency, technique), infrequent dental visits and disadvantaged/slum residential setting were…
14 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental caries susceptibility · Institutionalized orphan children (roughly 3 to 18 years)
Primary teeth may carry a higher caries risk than permanent teeth in institutionalized children (RR 1.31), but the difference is not statistically significant (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Caries arrest · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
3 findings from 1 review
No studies reported data in this dentition type
0 studies
No studies found
No studies reported data in this dentition type
0 studies
No studies found
MD -0.13 [-0.87, 0.61]
1 study · 309 participants
Very low
Caries arrestment at the tooth level · Children and adults without systemic diseases affecting dental health
SDF showed a higher caries-free proportion at the tooth level, but the reported difference was not statistically significant.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries arrest · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) showed no clear difference in caries arrest compared with silver nitrate plus fluoride varnish (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
2 findings from 1 review
1 study reported no adverse effects. 1 study reported a white discolouration of the gingiva adjacent to surfaces treated with SDF (116 surfaces) as well as redness (4 surfaces), and mild ulceration (2 surfaces). In…
2 studies · 316 participants
Very low
1 study reported 3 adverse effects in the first 48 hours. Of these, 1 effect in SDF group was possibly related to treatment (spot on corner of lip that looked like a burn), and 2 effects in placebo group were possibly…
3 studies · 983 participants
Very low
Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
1 finding from 1 review
In 1 study, black or brown staining on treated lesions was more common after SDF (OR 3.19, 95% CI 1.95 to 5.23), with no other adverse effects. 1 study reported complaints of a transient bitter taste with SDF use (with…
3 studies · 980 participants
Very low
Self-perceived (self-rated) oral health status · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Most participants perceive their oral health as satisfactory (one study 39%), more so among younger, male, higher-SES and employed people; ungraded.
1 finding from 1 review
Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Caries arrest · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
2 findings from 1 review
Oral health practices · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Toothbrush and toothpaste use was common, but lower in disadvantaged or slum populations where compared.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
11 studies
GRADE not reported
Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Self-perceived (self-rated) oral health status · Adult residents of slums and non-slum urban settings of LMICs
Most participants reported positive perceptions of oral health, despite observed disease burden.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
6 studies
GRADE not reported
Aesthetics · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
1 finding from 1 review
1 study reported that "only 19 (7%) [older adult participants] raised a complaint about the interventions at the 30-mo [month] examination, and half of them complained of black stain on the treated root surfaces." No…
1 study · 43 participants
Very low
Dental pain or sensitivity · Children and adults (with or without carious lesions)
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
Enamel surface microhardness · Demineralised / white-spot-lesion enamel (in vitro specimens)
In demineralised enamel, Er:YAG laser irradiation did not significantly change surface microhardness versus untreated control (SMD 0.66, 95% CI -1.12 to 2.44; 2 in vitro studies; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review