Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,550 questions · 1,617 findings · 161 reviews · Neonatal

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No studies found 238 · 14.7%GRADE not reported 76 · 4.7%Very low 377 · 23.3%Low 567 · 35.1%Moderate 285 · 17.6%High 74 · 4.6%

Fentanyl vs tramadol

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 3 to 5 years CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs tramadol

Cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs tramadol

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

It is very uncertain whether fentanyl changes all‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization compared with tramadol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.99 [0.59, 1.64]
1 study · 171 participants
Very low

Fentanyl vs tramadol

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs paracetamol

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Morphine vs paracetamol

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs paracetamol

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 3 to 5 years CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs paracetamol

Cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs paracetamol

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Tramadol vs no treatment or placebo

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Morphine vs paracetamol

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Tramadol vs no treatment or placebo

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 3 to 5 years CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Tramadol vs no treatment or placebo

Cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Tramadol vs no treatment or placebo

All‐cause mortality during hospital stay · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

It is very uncertain whether tramadol changes all‐cause mortality during initial hospitalization compared with no treatment or placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.7]
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Tramadol vs no treatment or placebo

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs tramadol

Pain · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fentanyl vs tramadol

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months CA · postoperative pain in preterm and term infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioids versus other analgesics and sedatives for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval)

Major neurodevelopmental disability in children aged 18 to 24 months or three to five years old ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval)

Cognitive and educational outcomes in children more than five years old ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

'As needed' administration (e.g. based on pain scales) vs 'as scheduled' administration (e.g. a predefined time interval)

Severe (grade 3 or greater) intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) on cranial ultrasound ‐ not reported · postoperative pain in neonates

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Systemic opioid regimens for postoperative pain in neonates 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found