All‐cause mortality · COPD
Influenza vaccine showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Local effects at injection site · COPD
Influenza vaccine may leads to higher local effects at injection site compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Anaemia · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes anaemia (defined as haemoglobin (Hb) below WHO cut‐off, adjusted for… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Iron deficiency (as defined by study authors, based on a biomarker of iron status) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
It is very uncertain whether provision of maize flour or maize flour products fortified with iron… changes iron deficiency (as defined by trialists, based on a biomarker of… compared with unfortified maize flours or maize flour products (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Haemoglobin (g/dL) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Ferritin (µg/L) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
1 finding from 1 review
Any adverse effects (including constipation, nausea, vomiting, heartburn or diarrhoea, as measured by trialists) · general population older than 2 years of age (including pregnant women), in Kenya and Mexico
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in exacerbations requiring steroids or antibiotics or both: number of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant improvement (≥ 4 units) in SGRQ total score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to higher quality of life: number of participants with clinically significant… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Non‐fatal serious adverse events · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in non‐fatal serious adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in hospital admissions due to exacerbations: number of participants compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically significant improvement: using TDI focal score (≥ 1 unit) · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol leads to higher improvement in symptoms: number of participants with clinically… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Lung function · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of participants · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Fixed‐dose combination aclidinium/formoterol showed no clear difference in adverse events (not including serious adverse events): number of… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Threshold · asymptomatic newborns at the time of pulse oximetry screening
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
95% (less than or less than or equal to) · asymptomatic newborns at the time of pulse oximetry screening
1 finding from 1 review
Units of SGRQ change from baseline · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Dyspnoea ‐ CRQ dyspnoea Scale 1 to 7. Higher is better and 0.5 units is a clinically important difference · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse eventsd · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review
CAT score · patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
1 finding from 1 review