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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,886 questions in 74 reviews · Skin
current versionsNo studies 542 · 28.7%Ungraded 130 · 6.9%Very low 326 · 17.3%Low 434 · 23%Moderate 348 · 18.5%High 106 · 5.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 24U vs OnabotulinumtoxinA 24U Physician assessment of success by analysing scores and scales ‐ 4 weeks (Validated tools, wrinkles and lines at maximum contraction) · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.96, 1.05] | 1 study · 381 participants | Low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 24U vs OnabotulinumtoxinA 24U Total adverse events · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | OR 0.02 [0, 1.77] | 1 study · 381 participants | Very low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ IncobotulinumtoxinA 24U vs OnabotulinumtoxinA 24U Duration of treatment effect ‐ not measured · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo Participant assessment of success by analysing scores and scales ‐ 4 weeks (Validated tools, wrinkles and lines at maximum contraction) · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 21.1 [11.31, 39.34] | 2 studies · 683 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo Major adverse events · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 716 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo Physician assessment of success by analysing scores and scales ‐ 4 weeks (Validated tools, wrinkles and lines at maximum contraction) · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 23.4 [12.56, 43.61] | 2 studies · 683 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo Total adverse events · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.23 [1.46, 3.4] | 2 studies · 716 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo Physician assessment of success · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 17.1 [10.07, 29.05] | 7 studies · 1339 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ DaxibotulinumtoxinA 40U vs placebo Duration of treatment effect · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 74 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo Total adverse events · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.14 [0.89, 1.45] | 8 studies · 1388 participants | Low |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ OnabotulinumtoxinA 20U vs placebo Duration of treatment effect · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 77 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U vs placebo Participant assessment of success by analysing scores and scales ‐ 20 weeks (Validated tools, wrinkles and lines at maximum contraction) · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 5.33 [1.67, 16.99] | 1 study · 300 participants | High |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U vs placebo Major adverse events (eyelid ptosis, eyelid sensory disorder, strabismus) · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 3.36 [0.88, 12.87] | 7 studies · 1294 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U vs placebo Physician assessment of success by analysing scores and scales ‐ 4 weeks · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 15.78 [8.75, 28.45] | 7 studies · 1060 participants | Moderate |
Summary of Findings Table ‐ AbobotulinumtoxinA 50U vs placebo Total adverse events · glabellar lines Botulinum toxin type A for facial wrinkles (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [1.05, 1.49] | 8 studies · 1471 participants | Low |
Topical antibiotics vs topical antiseptics Clinical cure · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs systemic antibiotics Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phototherapy vs sham light Clinical cure · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phototherapy vs sham light Severe adverse events leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phototherapy vs sham light Quality of life · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phototherapy vs sham light Recurrence of folliculitis or boil following completion of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Phototherapy vs sham light Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefadroxil vs flucloxacillin Clinical cure (measured after 10 days of treatment) · bacterial furunculosis Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.9 [0.7, 1.16] | 1 study · 41 participants | Very low |
Cefadroxil vs flucloxacillin Severe adverse events leading to withdrawal of treatment (reported during 10 days of treatment) · bacterial furunculosis Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 2.97 [0.6, 14.62] | 1 study · 6514 participants | Low |
Cefadroxil vs flucloxacillin Quality of life · bacterial furunculosis Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefadroxil vs flucloxacillin Recurrence of folliculitis or boil following completion of treatment · bacterial furunculosis Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs topical antiseptics Severe adverse events leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefadroxil vs flucloxacillin Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment (reported during 10 days of treatment) · bacterial furunculosis Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.62, 0.98] | 1 study · 6514 participants | Moderate |
Cefdinir vs cefalexin Clinical cure (measured 17 to 24 days after treatment) · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.73, 1.38] | 1 study · 74 participants | Low |
Cefdinir vs cefalexin Severe adverse events leading to withdrawal of treatment (reported during 17 to 24 days of treatment) · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.05 [0.07, 16.62] | 1 study · 3912 participants | Low |
Cefdinir vs cefalexin Quality of life · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefdinir vs cefalexin Recurrence of folliculitis or boil following completion of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefdinir vs cefalexin Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 391 participants | Ungraded |
Azithromycin vs cefaclor Clinical cure (measured 7 days after treatment) · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.72, 1.4] | 2 studies · 31 participants | Very low |
Azithromycin vs cefaclor Severe adverse events leading to withdrawal of treatment (reported during 7 days of treatment) · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 2744 participants | Very low |
Azithromycin vs cefaclor Quality of life · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azithromycin vs cefaclor Recurrence of folliculitis or boil following completion of treatment · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs topical antiseptics Quality of life · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Azithromycin vs cefaclor Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment (reported during 7 days of treatment) · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.26 [0.38, 4.17] | 2 studies · 2744 participants | Very low |
Cefditoren pivoxil vs cefaclor Clinical cure (measured after 7 days of treatment) · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.17 [0.77, 1.78] | 1 study · 93 participants | Moderate |
Cefditoren pivoxil vs cefaclor Severe adverse events leading to withdrawal of treatment (reported during 7 days of treatment) · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 4.74 [0.23, 97.17] | 1 study · 1504 participants | Low |
Cefditoren pivoxil vs cefaclor Quality of life · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefditoren pivoxil vs cefaclor Recurrence of folliculitis or boil following completion of treatment · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Cefditoren pivoxil vs cefaclor Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment (reported during 7 days of treatment) · bacterial boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | RR 1.52 [0.52, 4.42] | 1 study · 1504 participants | Moderate |
Topical antibiotics vs topical antiseptics Recurrence of folliculitis or boil following completion of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs topical antiseptics Minor adverse events not leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs systemic antibiotics Clinical cure · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs systemic antibiotics Severe adverse events leading to withdrawal of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs systemic antibiotics Quality of life · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Topical antibiotics vs systemic antibiotics Recurrence of folliculitis or boil following completion of treatment · bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) Interventions for bacterial folliculitis and boils (furuncles and carbuncles) (2021) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |