What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics vs placebo or no treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for people with chronic kidney disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

It is very uncertain whether synbiotics changes graft health: acute liver rejection compared with prebiotics (very low certainty).

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.43, 1.25]
  2 studies · 129 participants
  Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

It is very uncertain whether synbiotics changes adverse events compared with prebiotics (very low certainty).

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.4, 1.59]
  2 studies · 129 participants
  Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

It is very uncertain whether synbiotics changes serious adverse events compared with prebiotics (very low certainty).

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.49 [0.42, 5.36]
  2 studies · 129 participants
  Very low

Synbiotic vs prebiotic

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 129 participants
  Very low

Synbiotic vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Synbiotic vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Synbiotics, prebiotics and probiotics for solid organ transplant recipients 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intravesical bacterial interference vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether intravesical bacterial interference changes symptomatic UTI compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Probiotics for preventing urinary tract infection in people with neuropathic bladder 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.08, 1.19]
  3 studies · 110 participants
  Very low