Global assessment of treatment success · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
It is very uncertain whether synbiotics and paraffin changes global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary studies compared with paraffin (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary study · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
Probiotic may leads to higher global improvement/treatment success as defined by primary study compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Frequency of defecation (mean number of bowel movements per week) · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Global assessment of treatment success · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
It is very uncertain whether synbiotics changes global improvement or treatment success, as defined by primary studies compared with paraffin (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals due to adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
Probiotic showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · children with chronic constipation without a physical explanation
1 finding from 1 review
Clinical relapse · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) changes clinical relapse (12 to 52 weeks) compared with 5‐ASA (mesalazine) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Maintenance of clinical remission · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
Probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) showed no clear difference in maintenance of clinical remission (24 to 52 weeks) compared with 5‐ASA (mesalazine) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Withdrawals due to adverse events · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
It is very uncertain whether probiotic + 5‐aminosalicylic acid (5‐ASA) (mesalazine) changes withdrawal due to adverse events (12 to 52 weeks) compared with 5‐ASA (mesalazine) (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Need for extra treatment · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Health‐related quality of life · Patients with quiescent ulcerative colitis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Incidence of AAD · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections
The intervention probably leads to lower incidence of AAD (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Duration of diarrhea (days) · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Microbiome characteristics · Children receiving antibiotic treatment between 4 and 28 days duration for a variety of infections
1 finding from 1 review