Alpha‐blockers probably leads to lower hospitalisation compared with standard therapy (moderate certainty).
Alpha‐blockers showed no clear difference in surgical intervention compared with standard therapy (low certainty).
Alpha‐blockers probably leads to higher stone clearance compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Alpha‐blockers probably leads to higher major adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
Interferon‐α alone probably leads to higher 1‐year mortality compared with standard targeted therapies (sunitinib or temsirolimus) (moderate certainty).
Interferon‐α combined with targeted therapies may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapy (low certainty).
Interferon‐α alone showed no clear difference in 1‐year mortality compared with interferon‐α plus bevacizumab (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Interferon‐α alone probably leads to lower adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with interferon‐α plus bevacizumab (moderate certainty).
Interferon‐α plus bevacizumab showed no clear difference in 1‐year mortality median compared with standard targeted therapies (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Interferon‐α plus bevacizumab showed no clear difference in adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (low certainty).
Vaccine treatment showed no clear difference in 1‐year mortality compared with standard therapies (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Vaccine treatment showed no clear difference in adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard therapies (low certainty).
Targeted immunotherapy alone probably leads to lower 1‐year mortality compared with standard targeted therapies (moderate certainty).
Targeted immunotherapy alone probably leads to higher quality of life: Clinically relevant improvement in FKSI‐DRS compared with standard targeted therapies (moderate certainty).
Targeted immunotherapy alone probably leads to lower adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (moderate certainty).
Interferon‐α alone may leads to higher adverse events (grade ≥ 3) compared with standard targeted therapies (sunitinib or temsirolimus) (low certainty).