What do systematic reviews say?

Standard interferon vs placebo or control

Standard interferon showed no clear difference in treatment discontinuation compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.59 [0.49, 42.69]
  4 studies · 116 participants
  Moderate

Standard interferon vs placebo or control

Standard interferon showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo or control (moderate certainty).

• Interventions for dialysis patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.56 [0.98, 13.01]
  5 studies · 143 participants
  Moderate

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors showed no clear difference in death (any cause) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2 [0.26, 15.37]
  2 studies · 8873 participants
  Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors showed no clear difference in CVD events: total (fatal and non‐fatal) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.9, 1.05]
  2 studies · 8873 participants
  Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors may leads to higher adverse events: number reporting an adverse event compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [1.26, 1.41]
  2 studies · 8873 participants
  Low

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 226 participants
  GRADE not reported

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether angiotensin receptor blockers changes adverse events (number reporting an adverse event) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 19.34 [1.14, 328.3]
  1 study · 226 participants
  Very low

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) vs placebo

• Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers for adults with early (stage 1 to 3)… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 226 participants
  Very low

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy leads to lower major cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with placebo or standard of care (high certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.66, 0.79]
  14 studies · 36156 participants
  High

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy leads to lower death compared with placebo or standard of care (high certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.83 [0.73, 0.96]
  13 studies · 34978 participants
  High

Statins vs placebo or usual care

It is very uncertain whether statin therapy changes rhabdomyolysis compared with placebo or standard of care (very low certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 3.07 [0.13, 75.37]
  2 studies · 2618 participants
  Very low

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy probably leads to lower myocardial infarction compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.55 [0.42, 0.73]
  10 studies · 9475 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy showed no clear difference in stroke compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.64 [0.37, 1.08]
  7 studies · 9158 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy showed no clear difference in kidney failure compared with placebo or standard of care (moderate certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.91, 1.05]
  3 studies · 6704 participants
  Moderate

Statins vs placebo or usual care

Statin therapy showed no clear difference in hospitalisation due to heart failure compared with placebo or standard of care (low certainty).

• HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) for people with chronic kidney disease not requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.7 [0.37, 1.32]
  1 study · 579 participants
  Low

Aromatherapy vs placebo or usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aromatherapy vs placebo or usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Aromatherapy vs placebo or usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for fatigue in people with kidney failure requiring dialysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found