Exacerbations (number of people experiencing ≥ 1 exacerbations) · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to lower participants with at least one exacerbation Duration of six months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 0.78 [0.66, 0.93]
3141 participants
Moderate
Mortality Duration of 18 months3 · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to lower mortality Duration of 18 months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pneumonia · COPD
Combined inhalers probably leads to higher pneumonia Duration of 18 months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations · COPD
Combined inhalers showed no clear difference in hospitalisations due to COPD exacerbations Duration of 18 months3 compared with placebo (primary outcomes) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events—any Duration of two years1 · COPD
Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) showed no clear difference in adverse events—any Duration of two years1 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.09 [0.95, 1.25]
5574 participants
Low
Adverse events—'serious' Duration of two years1 · COPD
Fluticasone/salmeterol (FPS) showed no clear difference in adverse events—'serious' Duration of two years1 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.08 [0.95, 1.23]
5531 participants
Low
Adverse event—any—320/94 Duration of nine months 3 · COPD
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) may leads to higher adverse event—any—320/94 Duration of nine months 3 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.42 [1.16, 1.74]
1552 participants
Low
Adverse event—any—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 · COPD
Budesonide/formoterol (BDF) may leads to higher adverse event—any—160/94 Duration of nine months 3 compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
OR 1.32 [1.08, 1.61]
1556 participants
Low
Rate of exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations treated… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patients with severe exacerbations (requiring hospitalisation or ER visit) · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more exacerbations requiring… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Asthma control · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 % predicted · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events due to any cause · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
People with fatal asthma exacerbation. · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Withdrawals (parallel group trials/first arm cross‐over trials) · children and adults with predominantly mild to moderate asthma
Summary of findings table ‐ Vitamin D showed no clear difference in withdrawals from trial compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Rate of clinically significant exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids · people with asthma
Mepolizumab subcutaneous (SC) leads to lower rate of clinically significant exacerbations requiring systemic… compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life (AQLQ)Scale from: 1‐7 (higher is better) · people with asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life (ACQ) Scale from: 0 to 6 (lower is better) · people with asthma
1 finding from 1 review
FEV1 · people with asthma
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse events · people with asthma
Mepolizumab intravenous (IV) leads to lower serious adverse events compared with placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review