Intervention not reported
Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence
The intervention leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: Tricyclics versus… (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons: SSRI versus placebo (high certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons · patients with depression during opioid agonist treatment for opioid dependence
Antidepressants probably leads to higher adverse events ‐ Withdrawn for medical reasons compared with placebo according to any definition (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
Topical urea 10% (Alvarenga da Silva 2014) contributes to the topical treatments short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory); no separate estimate reported.
1 study · 38 participants
GRADE not reported
Change in feeling of dryness · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
SoF9. Change in feeling of dryness short-term (xerostomia questionnaire, 1-5, lower better): single study narratively reported no difference before or after treatment; 38 participants (1 RCT, topical urea); very low.
1 study · 38 participants
Very low
Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · topical urea 10%
SoF9. Change in taste short-term (Quantitative Sensory Testing gustative threshold): single study narratively reported no difference in short-term gustation thresholds; 38 participants (1 RCT, topical urea); very low.
1 study · 38 participants
Very low
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
2 findings from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · capsaicin oral rinse
Capsaicin oral rinse (Marino 2010; Silvestre 2012) contributes to the topical treatments short-term symptom-relief comparison (insufficient/contradictory). Silvestre 2012 data not presented due to 23% first-phase…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomeslong-term (>3 to 6 months) · capsaicin oral rinse
MD -2.60 [-5.11, -0.09]
1 study · 18 participants
Very low
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomesshort-term (up to 3 months) · benzydamine hydrochloride
SoF9 Topical treatments vs placebo. Symptom relief short-term: insufficient or contradictory evidence regarding benefit of any evaluated topical treatment; 150 participants (4 RCTs); very low. Subgroups: benzydamine (1…
4 studies · 150 participants
Very low
Adverse effects · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
It is very uncertain whether topical treatments (lactoperoxidase oral rinse / Biotene) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes all‐cause mortality compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes all‐cause mortality compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortality due to rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes mortality due to rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Acute hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes acute hepatic encephalopathy compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Chronic hepatic encephalopathy · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt changes chronic hepatic encephalopathy compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Mortality due to rebleeding · participants with cirrhosis and with previous oesophagogastric variceal bleeding
It is very uncertain whether portosystemic shunts changes mortality due to rebleeding compared with endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review