Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

460 questions · 464 findings · 50 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 103 · 22.2%GRADE not reported 61 · 13.1%Very low 120 · 25.9%Low 112 · 24.1%Moderate 59 · 12.7%High 9 · 1.9%

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Severe PPH (≥ 1000 mL) · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Blood transfusion · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Third stage > 30 minutes · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oxytocin + ergometrine vs ergot alkaloids

Diastolic blood pressure > 100 mm Hg between delivery of the baby and discharge from the labour ward · women in the third stage of labour

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic oxytocin for the third stage of labour to prevent postpartum haemorrhage 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child as adult) · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes any known death after randomisation (fetal, neonatal, child, child… compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.46, 1.87]
1 study · 255 participants
Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Respiratory distress syndrome · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes respiratory distress syndrome compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.67, 1.36]
1 study · 253 participants
Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Intraventricular haemorrhage · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes intraventricular haemorrhage compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.7]
1 study · 253 participants
Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Chronic lung disease · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes chronic lung disease compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.77 [0.48, 1.24]
1 study · 253 participants
Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

Necrotising enterocolitis · women at risk of preterm birth

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes necrotising enterocolitis compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 9.08 [0.54, 153.08]
1 study · 253 participants
Very low

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

Surgical site infection · women undergoing caesarean section

It is very uncertain whether parachlorometaxylenol with iodine changes surgical site infection compared with iodine alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.99]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

Length of stay · women undergoing caesarean section

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

Adverse events (maternal or neonatal) · women undergoing caesarean section

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Any perinatal death after randomisation · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in perinatal mortality (after randomisation) compared with fetal growth (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.32, 2.41]
1 study · 1052 participants
Low

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Neonatal mortality · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in neonatal death compared with fetal growth (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.29, 3.46]
1 study · 1052 participants
Low

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Preterm birth less than 28 weeks · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Gestational age at birth (weeks) · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in gestational age at birth (weeks) compared with fetal growth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.1
1 study · 526 participants
Moderate

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Caesarean section · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in caesarean section (any) compared with fetal growth (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.81, 1.23]
1 study · 526 participants
High

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Induction of labour · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in induction of labour compared with fetal growth (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.1 [0.8, 1.5]
1 study · 526 participants
Moderate

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler vs fetal growth

Number of antenatal hospital admissions · women with twin pregnancies were randomised from 25 weeks

Fetal growth (biometry) + umbilical artery Doppler showed no clear difference in antenatal admission to hospital compared with fetal growth (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.8, 1.15]
1 study · 526 participants
High

Betamethasone vs usual care

Respiratory distress syndrome · women undergoing planned elective caesarean section at 37 weeks' gestation and beyond for singleton pregnancy

Effect of antenatal corticosteroids (betamethasone) showed no clear difference in respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) compared with usual care prior to planned caesarean at term on maternal and… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antenatal corticosteroids prior to planned caesarean at term for improving neonatal outcomes 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.07, 1.65]
1 study · 942 participants
Low