Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

149 questions · 157 findings · 43 reviews · Airways

No studies found 4 · 2.5%GRADE not reported 6 · 3.8%Very low 10 · 6.4%Low 71 · 45.2%Moderate 48 · 30.6%High 18 · 11.5%

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Number of participants who were not cured at · children < 24 months with ongoing symptoms (cough/wheeze) post‐acute bronchiolitis

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants who were not cured at compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Number of participants rehospitalised for a respiratory illness · children < 24 months with ongoing symptoms (cough/wheeze) post‐acute bronchiolitis

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants rehospitalised for a respiratory illness compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antibiotics vs placebo or no treatment

Proportion of participants with recurrent wheeze · children < 24 months with ongoing symptoms (cough/wheeze) post‐acute bronchiolitis

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in proportion of participants with recurrent wheeze compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid

Asthma relapse1at 20 to 24 days · predominantly adults with acute asthma following emergency department discharge

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid showed no clear difference in asthma relapse1at 20 to 24 days compared with oral corticosteroid (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid vs oral corticosteroid

Hoarseness at 20 to 24 days · predominantly adults with acute asthma following emergency department discharge

Any ICS plus oral corticosteroid showed no clear difference in hoarseness at 20 to 24 days compared with oral corticosteroid (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

Change in arterial partial pressure of oxygen · post‐exacerbation COPD
2 findings from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

Change in arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide · post‐exacerbation COPD
2 findings from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

Change in the health‐related quality of life · post‐exacerbation COPD
2 findings from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

Admission‐free survival · post‐exacerbation COPD

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation may leads to lower admission‐free survival compared with standard treatment following a severe exacerbation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation vs standard treatment following a severe exacerbation

All‐cause mortality · post‐exacerbation COPD

Summary of Findings Table ‐ Chronic non‐invasive ventilation showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with standard treatment following a severe exacerbation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review