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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Constipation · overweight and obese participants with T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes constipation at 3 to < 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at ≥ 12 months · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes number of participants per group with weight loss of at least 5% at… compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Cardiovascular mortality ‐ not measured · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets vs balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets

Constipation · overweight and obese participants without T2DM (weight‐reducing phase only)

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Low‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets changes constipation at 3 to < 12 months compared with balanced‐carbohydrate weight‐reducing diets (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐pressure vs high‐pressure NPWT

Number of wounds closed or covered with surgery · treating foot wounds in people with diabetes mellitus

It is very uncertain whether low‐pressure changes number of wounds closed or covered with surgery compared with high‐pressure NPWT (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐cavity forceps vs any vacuum cup

Third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tear (with or without episiotomy) · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

It is very uncertain whether low‐cavity forceps changes third‐ or fourth‐degree perineal tear (with or without episiotomy) compared with any vacuum cup (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review