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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

139 questions · 139 findings · 8 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 39 · 28.1%GRADE not reported 8 · 5.8%Very low 23 · 16.5%Low 31 · 22.3%Moderate 25 · 18%High 13 · 9.4%

Lithium as sole treatment vs placebo

Thyroid dysfunction outcome not available in any study · schizophrenia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the authors · schizophrenia

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics may leads to higher response to treatment clinically relevant response as defined by the… compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50% Bech‐Rafaelsen improvement · schizophrenia

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on manic symptoms at least 50%… compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics vs placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics

Clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS improvement · schizophrenia

Adjunctive lithium + antipsychotics showed no clear difference in clinically significant response on positive symptoms at least 50% MS… compared with placebo/no adjunctive treatment + antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mood stabilisers vs placebo

Repetition of SH at post‐intervention · self‐harm in adults

It is very uncertain whether mood stabilisers, including antiepileptics and lithium changes repetition of SH by post‐intervention№ of participants: 167(1 RCT) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs lithium

Recurrence of any episodes at one year (Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) total score ≥15 for manic episode) · bipolar disorder

It is very uncertain whether lamotrigine changes recurrence of any episodes at one year (Young Mania Rating Scale… compared with lithium (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs lithium

Recurrence of any episodes at one year (Montgomery‐Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) total score ≥15 for depressive episode; Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) total score ≥14 for depressive episode) · bipolar disorder

Lamotrigine showed no clear difference in recurrence of any episodes at one year (Montgomery‐Asberg Depression… compared with lithium (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs lithium

Recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with additional psychotropics (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines) · bipolar disorder

Lamotrigine showed no clear difference in recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with… compared with lithium (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review