Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

305 questions · 305 findings · 37 reviews

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No studies found 75 · 24.6%GRADE not reported 22 · 7.2%Very low 57 · 18.7%Low 97 · 31.8%Moderate 46 · 15.1%High 8 · 2.6%

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose oral misoprostol

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with low‐dose oral misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.58, 1.17]
5 studies · 2873 participants
Low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Caesarean section · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.92, 1.09]
28 studies · 6619 participants
Moderate

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to lower serious neonatal morbidity or perinatal death compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.48 [0.25, 0.93]
8 studies · 2757 participants
Moderate

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Serious maternal morbidity or death · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

It is very uncertain whether balloon (Foley or ATAD) changes serious maternal morbidity or death compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.2 [0.01, 4.12]
4 studies · 1481 participants
Very low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.74 [0.49, 1.14]
14 studies · 4271 participants
Low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs vaginal prostaglandin E2

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in neonatal intensive care unit admission compared with vaginal prostaglandin E2 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.65, 1.04]
12 studies · 3647 participants
Low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose vaginal misoprostol

Vaginal delivery not achieved within 24 hours · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) showed no clear difference in vaginal delivery not achieved in 24 hours compared with low‐dose vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.85, 1.39]
2 studies · 340 participants
Low

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) vs low‐dose vaginal misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · third trimester induction of labour in women with a viable fetus

Balloon (Foley or ATAD) probably leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation with FHR changes compared with low‐dose vaginal misoprostol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Mechanical methods for induction of labour 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.39 [0.18, 0.85]
8 studies · 1322 participants
Moderate

Oral misoprostol vs placebo/no treatment

Vaginal birth within 24 hours · women with ruptured membranes in the third trimester for induction of labour.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.4, 0.59]
11 studies · 9084 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Oxytocin augmentation · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

It is very uncertain whether oral misoprostol changes oxytocin augmentationÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.9 [0.75, 1.09]
12 studies · 9451 participants
Very low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol probably leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.83 [0.72, 0.97]
9 studies · 8171 participants
Moderate

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Apgar score less than 7 at 5 minutes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in apgar score less than seven at five minutesÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.52, 1.23]
12 studies · 9473 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal dinoprostone

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unitÂ compared with vaginal dinoprostone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.8 [0.6, 1.07]
11 studies · 9278 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Vaginal birth within 24 hours · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower vaginal birth within 24 hoursÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.68, 0.95]
16 studies · 3451 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Caesarean section · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.86, 1.16]
32 studies · 5914 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.53, 0.92]
25 studies · 4857 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Oxytocin augmentation · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to higher oxytocin augmentationÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.28 [1.15, 1.44]
28 studies · 5416 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs vaginal misoprostol

Uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changes · women in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol may leads to lower uterine hyperstimulation without fetal heart rate changesÂ compared with vaginal misoprostol (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.49, 0.99]
16 studies · 3212 participants
Low

Oral misoprostol vs placebo/no treatment

Caesarean section · women with ruptured membranes in the third trimester for induction of labour.

Oral misoprostol showed no clear difference in caesarean section compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Low‐dose oral misoprostol for induction of labour 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.59, 1.11]
4 studies · 594 participants
Low