Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

170 questions · 170 findings · 19 reviews · Musculoskeletal

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No studies found 32 · 18.8%GRADE not reported 14 · 8.2%Very low 31 · 18.2%Low 59 · 34.7%Moderate 34 · 20%High 0 · 0%

Chinese herbal medicines vs no intervention

New fractures · patients with osteoporosis

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

Chinese herbal medicines vs no intervention

Quality of life · patients with osteoporosis

1 finding from 1 review

Chinese herbal medicines for treating osteoporosis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

SMP vs non‐SMP intervention

Self‐management of OA Arthritis self‐efficacy scale (ASES). Scale from 1 to 10, higher better · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
175 participants
Moderate

SMP vs non‐SMP intervention

Positive and active engagement in life —not measured · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 studies · 0 participants
GRADE not reported

SMP vs non‐SMP intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
321 participants
Moderate

SMP vs non‐SMP intervention

Global OA scores WOMAC. Scale from 0 to 240. Lower score is better. · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
98 participants
Moderate

SMP vs non‐SMP intervention

Function—Self‐reported Multiple tools3. Scale from 0 to 68. Lower score is better. · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
216 participants
Moderate

Quality of life measured on multiple scales (0 to 100; higher score = better quality of life) Postintervention: first assessment after end of treatment; no later than 3 months · patients with osteoarthritis

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
226 participants
Moderate

SMP vs non‐SMP intervention

Withdrawals Losses to · patients with osteoarthritis

SMP showed no clear difference in withdrawals Losses to compared with non‐SMP intervention (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Self‐management education programmes for osteoarthritis 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.69, 1.09]
919 participants
Moderate

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) vs placebo

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Pegloticase every two weeks (biweekly) probably leads to higher proportion with complete resolution of tophi compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 5.45 [1.38, 21.54]
1 study · 79 participants
Moderate

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Quality of life ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Serum urate normalisation ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Function ‐ not reported · participants with tophi in gout

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Monthly pegloticase probably leads to higher number of participant withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 8.19 [1.12, 59.71]
1 study · 127 participants
Moderate

Monthly pegloticase vs placebo

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Monthly pegloticase showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.05 [0.98, 1.14]
1 study · 127 participants
Moderate

Lesinurad 200 mg plus allopurinol vs placebo plus allopurinol

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 200 mg plus allopurinol showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with placebo plus allopurinol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.4 [0.04, 4.57]
2 studies · 103 participants
Moderate

Lesinurad 400 mg plus allopurinol vs placebo plus allopurinol

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus allopurinol showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with placebo plus allopurinol (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.79 [0.42, 1.49]
2 studies · 98 participants
Moderate

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED showed no clear difference in proportion with complete resolution of a target tophus compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.85, 1.46]
1 study · 129 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Total adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED showed no clear difference in total adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.12 [0.96, 1.32]
1 study · 129 participants
Low

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED vs lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED

Withdrawals due to adverse events · participants with tophi in gout

Lesinurad 400 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED showed no clear difference in number of participant withdrawals due to adverse events compared with lesinurad 200 mg plus febuxostat CONTINUED (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for tophi in gout 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.44, 2.2]
1 study · 129 participants
Low