Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

592 questions · 618 findings · 64 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 116 · 18.8%GRADE not reported 59 · 9.5%Very low 206 · 33.3%Low 158 · 25.6%Moderate 79 · 12.8%High 0 · 0%

CBT vs control

Financial loss from gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced financial loss from gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs control

Frequency of gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced severity of gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs control

Diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced rates of pathological gambling, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling

CBT may leads to lower diagnoses of pathological gambling ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months… compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CBT vs control

Depression symptoms ‐ comparisons at 0 to 3 months post‐treatment Lower scores indicate reduced depression symptoms, and thus positive outcomes1 · patients with pathological and problem gambling
1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment

Suicidality ‐ CBT vs. TAUno. of participants with suicidal act (last 12 months) · patients with borderline personality disorder

Cognitive‐Behavioural Therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in suicidality ‐ CBT vs. TAUno. of participants with suicidal act (last… compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cognitive behaviour therapy vs treatment

Parasuicidality ‐ CBT vs. TAUno. of participants with self‐harming behaviour (last 12 months) · patients with borderline personality disorder

Cognitive‐Behavioural Therapy (CBT) showed no clear difference in parasuicidality ‐ CBT vs. TAUno. of participants with self‐harming… compared with treatment (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Therapist‐supported ICBT vs face‐to‐face CBT

Clinically important improvement in anxiety at post‐treatment Indexed by a standardized interview or clinically accepted measure cut‐off score1 · adults with anxiety disorders

Therapist‐supported ICBT showed no clear difference in clinically important improvement in anxiety at post‐treatment… compared with face‐to‐face CBT (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review