Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

213 questions · 219 findings · 19 reviews

No studies found 25 · 11.4%GRADE not reported 33 · 15.1%Very low 70 · 32%Low 64 · 29.2%Moderate 18 · 8.2%High 9 · 4.1%

Benzodiazepines vs placebo

Withdrawals due to adverse events · adults with SAnD

It is very uncertain whether comparison 5: benzodiazepines changes dropouts due to adverse events (acute phase) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Somnolence · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: drowsiness compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Adverse effects: dry mouth · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: dry mouth compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Adverse effects: spasmophilia · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: spasmophilia compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) vs placebo

Adverse effects: euphoric behaviour · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (topical clonazepam) changes adverse effects: euphoric behaviour compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) vs placebo

Change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) changes change in QoL - depression (surrogate marker) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) vs placebo

Change in taste · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam) changes change in taste compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam 0.5 mg/day) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms

It is very uncertain whether benzodiazepines (systemic clonazepam 0.5 mg/day) changes relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Benzodiazepines (systemic clordemetildiazepam 1 mg/day) vs placebo

Relief of burning/discomfort (symptom relief; pain intensity) · People with primary burning mouth syndrome (BMS), that is, oral mucosal pain with no dental or medical cause for such symptoms
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for treating burning mouth syndrome 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
    short-term (up to 3 months) · clordemetildiazepam
    Bogetto 1999 (clordemetildiazepam) included in the benzodiazepine comparison but data not presented (79% placebo-arm attrition).
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Lamotrigine vs lithium

Recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with additional psychotropics (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines) · bipolar disorder

Lamotrigine showed no clear difference in recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with… compared with lithium (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lamotrigine vs placebo

Recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with additional psychotropics (mood stabilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics or benzodiazepines) · bipolar disorder

Lamotrigine probably leads to lower recurrence of any episodes at one year for clinical worsening with… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review