Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

122 questions · 124 findings · 13 reviews · Kidney and Transplant

No studies found 19 · 15.3%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 46 · 37.1%Low 38 · 30.6%Moderate 21 · 16.9%High 0 · 0%

Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy

Renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: all included children with acute pyelonephritis DMSA scans · children with acute pyelonephritis

Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: all included children… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral vs IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy

Renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: children with renal parenchymal damage on initial DMSA · children with acute pyelonephritis

Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: children with renal… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with acute pyelonephritis · children with acute pyelonephritis

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: all included children with… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Short duration (3 to 4 days) vs long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy

Persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial renal parenchymal damage on initial DMSA scan · children with acute pyelonephritis

Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent renal damage at 3 to 6 months: children with initial… compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Re‐infection · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes re‐infection (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Single‐dose vs 10 days

Persistent bacteriuria and symptoms · children with lower urinary tract infection

It is very uncertain whether single‐dose changes persistent bacteriuria and symptoms compared with conventional 10‐day antibiotic treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review