Probiotics showed no clear difference in febrile UTI by 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).
Probiotics may leads to lower E. coli resistance to prophylactic drug compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).
Probiotics showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal defects on DMSA scan ‐ Patient data at 1 year compared with antibiotic prophylaxis (low certainty).
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
Topical disinfectants showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with standard care or other active treatment (antibiotic or other… (low certainty).
Topical disinfectants showed no clear difference in exit‐site/tunnel infection (number of patients with one or more… compared with standard care or other active treatment (antibiotic or other… (low certainty).
Topical disinfectants showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with standard care or other active treatment (antibiotic or other… (low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether CHM changes effectiveness compared with antibiotics (very low certainty).
It is very uncertain whether CHM changes recurrence compared with antibiotics (very low certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in number of subjects who developed symptomatic UTI (6 months to 1 year) (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in number of subjects who developed complications (10 months to 3 years) (moderate certainty).
The intervention showed no clear difference in death (6 months to 8 years) (moderate certainty).
The intervention probably leads to higher number of subjects who develop any adverse event (42 days to 10… (moderate certainty).
The intervention probably leads to higher number of subjects with bacteriological cure (42 days to 4 years) (moderate certainty).
Different dosing regimens of aminoglycosides (daily showed no clear difference in increase in serum creatinine during treatment compared with 8 hourly) (low certainty).
Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: all included children… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).
Oral showed no clear difference in renal parenchymal damage at 6 to 12 months: children with renal… compared with IV followed by oral (11 days) therapy (moderate certainty).
Short duration (3 to 4 days) showed no clear difference in persistent bacteriuria after treatment compared with long duration (7 to 14 days) IV therapy (low certainty).