Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3,092 questions · 3,199 findings · 339 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 714 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 181 · 5.7%Very low 695 · 21.7%Low 908 · 28.4%Moderate 568 · 17.8%High 133 · 4.2%

Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) vs meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days)

Adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) · People with American cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

Oral miltefosine (1.2 to 3.3 mg/kg/d 28 days) probably leads to higher adverse effects (number of participants who had the event) compared with meglumine antimoniate (20 mg/kg 20 days) (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

Infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) vs usual care or control

Non‐infectious complications · people undergoing gastrointestinal surgery

Immune‐enhancing supplements (oral or enteral) showed no clear difference in non‐ infectious complications recorded up to 30 days postdischarge compared with usual care or control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Peritonitis · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in peritonitis (number of patients with one or more episodes) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Exit‐site/tunnel infection · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in exit‐site/tunnel infection (number of patients with one or more… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics vs placebo/no treatment

Catheter removal or replacement · chronic peritoneal dialysis patients

Oral or topical or intraperitoneal antibiotics showed no clear difference in catheter removal or replacement (number of patients) compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs vs placebo or no treatment

Change in dry eye symptoms, measured using the OSDI score (ranging from 0 to 100 units, with a reduction in score indicating clinical improvement) at 1‐month (with actual · people with dry eyea

Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs (ie, EPA and DHA) showed no clear difference in change in dry eye symptoms, measured using the OSDI score (ranging… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs vs placebo or no treatment

Change in ocular surface staining at 1‐month (with actual · people with dry eyea

Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs (ie, EPA and DHA) showed no clear difference in change in ocular surface staining at 1‐month (with actual compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs vs placebo or no treatment

Change in tear osmolarity (measured in mOsmol/L, with reductions in osmolarity indicating clinical improvement) at 1‐month (with actual · people with dry eyea

Oral long‐chain omega‐3 PUFAs (ie, EPA and DHA) showed no clear difference in change in tear osmolarity (measured in mOsmol/L, with reductions in… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review