What do systematic reviews say?

Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake

• Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 1261 participants
  High

Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake

• Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 1257 participants
  High

Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake

• Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 501 participants
  High

Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake

• Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 187 participants
  Low

Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake

• Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  12 studies · 759 participants
  Very low

Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake

It is very uncertain whether lower salt intake changes reduction in antihypertensive dose compared with higher salt intake (very low certainty).

• Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.45 [0.98, 6.08]
  7 studies · 664 participants
  Very low

Lower salt intake vs higher salt intake

Lower salt intake probably leads to higher symptomatic hypotension compared with higher salt intake (moderate certainty).

• Altered dietary salt intake for people with chronic kidney disease 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 6.7 [2.4, 18.69]
  6 studies · 478 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in death (all causes) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.63, 1.25]
  13 studies · 3894 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in total graft loss (with death) compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.67, 1.06]
  11 studies · 3476 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to higher biopsy‐proven acute rejection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.26 [1.1, 1.43]
  11 studies · 3731 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in CMV infection compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.63, 1.21]
  9 studies · 3099 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in all malignancy compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.84 [0.54, 1.32]
  10 studies · 3175 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in number needing to change treatment compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐I): primary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.78, 1.05]
  10 studies · 3652 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower diabetes compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.69 [0.51, 0.93]
  6 studies · 2125 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in lymphoma/PTLD compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.66 [0.25, 1.73]
  7 studies · 2792 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low showed no clear difference in acne/rash compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.62, 1.21]
  6 studies · 2958 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1863 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low probably leads to lower hypercholesterolaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (moderate certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.87 [0.78, 0.98]
  9 studies · 3250 participants
  Moderate

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low may leads to lower anaemia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.72, 0.91]
  10 studies · 3179 participants
  Low

Low vs higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes

Low may leads to lower thrombocytopenia compared with higher dose target of rapamycin inhibitor (TOR‐ I): secondary outcomes (low certainty).

• Target of rapamycin inhibitors (TOR‐I; sirolimus and everolimus) for primary immunosuppression in kidney transplant… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.58 [0.44, 0.75]
  9 studies · 2242 participants
  Low