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Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
3,601 questions in 252 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth
current versionsNo studies 726 · 20.2%Ungraded 421 · 11.7%Very low 828 · 23%Low 993 · 27.6%Moderate 486 · 13.5%High 147 · 4.1%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Prophylactic vs selective blood transfusion Sickle cell crisis (pain crisis) · patients with sickle cell disease in pregnancy Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion for sickle cell disease in pregnancy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.28 [0.12, 0.67] | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Prophylactic vs selective blood transfusion Sickle cell crises (acute splenic sequestration) · patients with sickle cell disease in pregnancy Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion for sickle cell disease in pregnancy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.92] | 1 study · 72 participants | Low |
Prophylactic vs selective blood transfusion Blood transfusion reaction · patients with sickle cell disease in pregnancy Prophylactic versus selective blood transfusion for sickle cell disease in pregnancy (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2 [0.54, 7.39] | 1 study · 72 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs placebo Quality of life: anxiodepressive symptomatology · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.73, 1.4] | 1 study · 36 participants | Very low |
Pyridoxine vs placebo Days of hospital admission · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 92 participants | Moderate |
Pyridoxine vs placebo Interventions side effects: dizziness · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.67 [0.85, 3.26] | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Pyridoxine vs placebo Interventions side effects: headaches · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.33 [0.52, 3.42] | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Pyridoxine vs placebo Interventions side effects: diarrhoea · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 71.07] | 1 study · 66 participants | Ungraded |
Pyridoxine vs placebo Interventions side effects: palpitations · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.22, 4.6] | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Pyridoxine vs placebo Interventions side effects: dry mouth · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.82 [0.49, 1.38] | 1 study · 66 participants | Low |
Pyridoxine vs placebo Severity, reduction or cessation in nausea/vomiting 2. Quality of life outcomes 3. Pregnancy complications 4. Adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Severity of nausea · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Severity of vomiting · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 83 participants | Very low |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Quality of life · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 160 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs placebo Spontaneous abortion · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.05, 5.03] | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Intervention side effects: felt drowsy · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.4 [1.23, 4.69] | 1 study · 160 participants | Moderate |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Intervention side effects: unable to sleep · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.29 [0.5, 3.28] | 1 study · 160 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Intervention side effects: dry mouth · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.38 [1.1, 5.11] | 1 study · 160 participants | Moderate |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Intervention side effects: felt dizzy · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2.33 [0.94, 5.77] | 1 study · 160 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs ondansetron Severity, reduction or cessation in nausea/vomiting 2.Days of hospital admission 3. Pregnancy complications 4. Adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Quality of life · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 149 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Intervention side effects: drowsy · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.56, 0.87] | 1 study · 143 participants | Moderate |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Intervention side effects: unable to sleep · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.78 [0.4, 1.53] | 1 study · 143 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Intervention side effects: dry mouth · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.91 [0.62, 1.34] | 1 study · 143 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Intervention side effects: felt dizzy · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.48 [0.34, 0.69] | 1 study · 143 participants | Moderate |
Acupuncture vs placebo Preterm birth less than 37 weeks · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.12 [0.01, 2.26] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Intervention side effects: diarrhea · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.32, 5.99] | 1 study · 143 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Intervention side effects: headache · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.47, 1.38] | 1 study · 143 participants | Low |
Metoclopramide vs promethazine Severity, reduction or cessation in nausea/vomiting 2. Number of episodes of emesis 3. Days of hospital admission 4. Pregnancy complications 5. Adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Ondansetron vs promethazine Days of hospital admission · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 30 participants | Very low |
Ondansetron vs promethazine Intervention side effect: sedation · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.06 [0, 0.94] | 1 study · 30 participants | Low |
Ondansetron vs promethazine Severity, reduction or cessation in nausea/vomiting 2. Number of episodes of emesis 3. Quality of life outcomes 4. Pregnancy complications 5. Adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Severe nausea 48 hours · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 2 [1.08, 3.72] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Severe nausea 17th day · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.81 [0.58, 1.15] | 1 study · 78 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Episodes of vomiting 48 hours · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.33, 27.63] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Episodes of vomiting 17th day · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.21, 4.65] | 1 study · 78 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs placebo Stillbirth and neonatal death · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.57 [0.04, 8.3] | 1 study · 36 participants | Low |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Intervention side effects: drowsiness 48hrs and 3‐10 days · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.08 [0, 1.32] | 1 study · 80 participants | Low |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Stillbirth and neonatal death · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 69.52] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Preterm birth · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 3 [0.13, 69.52] | 1 study · 40 participants | Low |
Corticosteroids vs promethazine Days of hospital admission 2. Quality of life outcomes 3. Pregnancy complications · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Days of hospital admission · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Pregnancy complications · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.61 [0.26, 1.47] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Spontaneous abortion · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.64 [0.11, 3.7] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Stillbirth and neonatal death · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.7 [0.15, 3.34] | 2 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Congenital abnormalities · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.73] | 1 study · 110 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Intervention side effects · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.06, 11.2] | 1 study · 25 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs placebo Severity, reduction or cessation in nausea/vomiting 2. Number of episodes of emesis 3. Days of hospital admission 4. Intervention side effects · pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Preterm birth · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | RR 1.01 [0.31, 3.28] | 2 studies · 134 participants | Very low |
Corticosteroids vs placebo Severity, reduction or cessation in nausea/vomiting 2. Number of episodes of emesis 3. Quality of life outcomes · Pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum Interventions for treating hyperemesis gravidarum (2016) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |