Maternal iron deficiency at term or near term (as defined by authors of the trials, based on any indicator of iron status at 34 weeks' gestation or more) · women during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Maternal death · women during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Adverse effects (any)* · women during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Low birthweight · women during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Preterm birth · women during pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Cardiovascular event · people with primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in
The intervention showed no clear difference in cardiovascular event (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Systolic blood pressure, change from baseline (mmHg) · people with primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Diastolic blood pressure, change from baseline (mmHg) · people with primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Body mass index, change from baseline (kg/m2) · people with primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Waist circumference, change from baseline (cm) · people with primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in
1 finding from 1 review
Prostate cancer · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Prostate cancer: OR 1.04 (95% CI 0.98 to 1.09), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
Alzheimer’s disease · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a SMD (to OR) of 0.08 (95% CI 0.01 to 0.63) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Aggressive prostate cancer · Participants in observational studies
The meta-analysis of observational studies reported a OR of 0.88 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.15) for higher versus lower circulating vitamin D concentration.
1 finding from 1 review
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) · Adults with diabetes
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Fasting glucose (Diabetes patients with normal glucose tolerance): WMD 0.01 (95% CI -0.21 to 0.23), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
2 findings from 1 review
WMD 0.01 [-0.21, 0.23]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
WMD -0.3 [-0.9, 0.3]
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Type 2 diabetes mellitus · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Type 2 diabetes: OR 0.63 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.69), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
Hypercalcaemia · Adults with chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Risk of hypercalcaemia: RR 3.80 (95% CI 0.90 to 16.12), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in femoral neck, Community-dwelling adults: WMD 1.10 (95% CI 0.40 to 1.90), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Suggestive.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 1.10 [0.40, 1.90]
8 studies
GRADE not reported
Lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) · Older or community-dwelling adults
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of vitamin D supplementation for Bone mineral density in lumbar spine, Community-dwelling adults: WMD 0.10 (95% CI -0.60 to 0.70), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: Substantial effect unlikely.
1 finding from 1 review
WMD 0.10 [-0.60, 0.70]
7 studies
GRADE not reported
Sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Sporadic colorectal adenoma recurrence: OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.33), not statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review
Ischaemic heart disease · Adults (general population)
Meta-analysis of observational studies (higher vs lower 25(OH)D) for Ischaemic heart disease: HR 0.72 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.81), statistically significant. Umbrella review outcome-level evidence grade: No conclusion.
1 finding from 1 review