Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,776 questions · 7,311 findings · 959 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 1,498 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 303 · 4.1%Very low 1,839 · 25.2%Low 1,991 · 27.2%Moderate 1,277 · 17.5%High 403 · 5.5%

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Intervention not reported

QoL (physical component) at up to 28 days, measured on the PROMIS Global‐10 scale and normalized to values from 16.2, low QoL, to 67.2, maximum QoL · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

The intervention showed no clear difference in qoL (physical component) at up to 28 days, measured on the PROMIS… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

QoL (mental component) at up to 28 days, measured on the PROMIS Global‐10 scale and normalized to values from 21.2, low QoL, to 67.6, maximum QoL · all trials contributing results to the summary of findings table included people with mild disease (WHO scale 1 to 3)§

The intervention showed no clear difference in qoL (mental component) at up to 28 days, measured on the PROMIS… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

It is very uncertain whether steroids changes change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in fluorescein corneal staining scores (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs lubricants

Change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

It is very uncertain whether steroids changes change in tear osmolarity (mOsm/kg) (lower is favored) compared with lubricants (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Steroids vs cyclosporine A

Change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) · people with dry eye

Steroids showed no clear difference in change in patient‐reported symptom scores (lower is favored) compared with cyclosporine A (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Cohort studies ‐ autism risk (low), MMR · children 9 months to 15 years old

The intervention showed no clear difference in cohort studies ‐ autism risk (low), MMR (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Soft cup vs rigid cup

Low Apgar score · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Soft cup showed no clear difference in low Apgar score at 5 minutes (less than 7 or as defined by trial… compared with rigid cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Soft cup vs rigid cup

Low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Soft cup showed no clear difference in low umbilical artery pH (< 7.2 or as defined by trial authors) compared with rigid cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Handheld vacuum vs any vacuum cup

Low Apgar score · Women in the second stage of labour, requiring an assisted vaginal birth

Handheld vacuum showed no clear difference in low Apgar score at 5 minutes (< 7 or as defined by trial authors) compared with any vacuum cup (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review