Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,908 questions · 3,101 findings · 509 reviews

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No studies found 571 · 18.4%GRADE not reported 358 · 11.5%Very low 723 · 23.3%Low 854 · 27.5%Moderate 489 · 15.8%High 106 · 3.4%

Gabapentin vs placebo

Participant‐reported pain relief of 50% or greater · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1331 participants
Moderate

Gabapentin vs placebo

'Substantial benefit' (≥ 50% reduction in pain or PGIC very much improved) · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1331 participants
Moderate

Gabapentin vs placebo

Moderate benefit: At least 30% reduction in pain, or PGIC much or very much improved · people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy

1 finding from 1 review

Gabapentin for chronic neuropathic pain in adults 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1439 participants
Moderate

Delayed pushing vs immediate pushing (all women with epidural)

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the second stage of labour with epidural anaesthesia

Delayed pushing showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care compared with immediate pushing (all women with epidural) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.98 [0.67, 1.41]
3 studies · 2197 participants
Low

Spontaneous pushing vs directed pushing

Admission to neonatal intensive care unit · women in the second stage of labour

It is very uncertain whether spontaneous pushing changes admission to neonatal intensive care compared with directed pushing (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pushing/bearing down methods for the second stage of labour 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.08 [0.3, 3.79]
2 studies · 393 participants
Very low

Propofol vs sodium thiopental rectal (25 mg/kg)

ICU length of stay (general intensive care patients) · patients with the treatment of refractory status epilepticus

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Propofol versus thiopental sodium for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: severe hypertension or pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with GDM

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: severe hypertension or… compared with moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.07, 15.86]
1 study · 95 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet vs no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes)

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia · pregnant women with GDM

Summary of findings: Energy‐restricted diet showed no clear difference in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: pre‐eclampsia compared with no energy‐restricted diet (maternal outcomes) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.51, 1.97]
1 study · 117 participants
Low

Summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet vs moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes)

Eclampsia · pregnant women with GDM

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Low‐moderate GI diet changes hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: eclampsia compared with moderate‐high GI diet (maternal outcomes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different types of dietary advice for women with gestational diabetes mellitus 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.14]
1 study · 83 participants
Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs chlorpromazine

Adverse effects ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effects: specific ‐ cardiovascular ‐ hypotension compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: b. CHLORPROMAZINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.51 [0.01, 2.6]
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE

Adverse effect: Specific ‐ hypotensive episode · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

It is very uncertain whether HALOPERIDOL changes adverse effect: Specific ‐ hypotensive episode compared with OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: f. PERPHENAZINE (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.31 [0.01, 7.12]
1 study · 44 participants
Very low

HALOPERIDOL vs OTHER ANTIPSYCHOTIC: h. THIOTHIXENE

Adverse effect: Specific ‐ hypotensive episode · patients with psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation

1 finding from 1 review

Haloperidol for psychosis‐induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation) 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 30 participants
Very low

Topical NSAIDs vs control

Reduction in pain intensity · analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Topical non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for analgesia in traumatic corneal abrasions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Hypertension · CKD patients (any stage) treated for anaemia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 413 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Number of participants with self‐reported pain intensity reduction of at least 50% from baseline · adults undergoing open heart surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Number of participants below 30/100 mm on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in self‐reported postoperative pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 200 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Number of participants below 30/100 mm on the visual analogue scale (VAS) in self‐reported postoperative pain intensity · adults undergoing open heart surgery

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes number of participants below 30/100 mm on the visual analogue scale… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Psychological interventions for acute pain after open heart surgery 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.2 [0.68, 2.12]
1 study · 73 participants
Very low