What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower incidence of pain with lidocaine pretreatment Pain scales (high certainty).

• Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.14 [0.11, 0.18]
  50 studies · 4722 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  32 studies · 4007 participants
  Low

Any intervention vs control

• Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  38 studies · 2713 participants
  Low

Any intervention vs control

• Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1441 participants
  Very low

Any intervention vs control

• Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  36 studies · 3313 participants
  Low

Any intervention vs control

• Psychological preparation and postoperative outcomes for adults undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  31 studies · 2496 participants
  Low

Entropy vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 383 participants
  Moderate

Entropy vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 3 participants
  GRADE not reported

Entropy vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 797 participants
  Moderate

Entropy vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 166 participants
  Low

Entropy vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 156 participants
  Moderate

Entropy vs Standard care alone (surgery, antibiotics, oral rinse)

• Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 170 participants
  Low

Propofol vs sevoflurane

Propofol may leads to higher adverse event ‐ haemodynamic changes, number of events compared with sevoflurane (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus inhalational techniques for rapid emergence from anaesthesia in patients undergoing brain tumour… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.85 [1.07, 3.17]
  2 studies · 282 participants
  Low

Propofol vs sevoflurane

Propofol may leads to lower adverse event ‐ nausea and vomiting, number of events compared with sevoflurane (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus inhalational techniques for rapid emergence from anaesthesia in patients undergoing brain tumour… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.68 [0.51, 0.91]
  6 studies · 952 participants
  Low

Propofol vs sevoflurane

Propofol showed no clear difference in adverse event ‐ shivering, number of events compared with sevoflurane (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus inhalational techniques for rapid emergence from anaesthesia in patients undergoing brain tumour… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [0.88, 1.99]
  5 studies · 902 participants
  Low

Propofol vs sevoflurane

Propofol showed no clear difference in adverse event ‐ pain, visual analogue scale compared with sevoflurane (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus inhalational techniques for rapid emergence from anaesthesia in patients undergoing brain tumour… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.9 [0.71, 1.14]
  5 studies · 908 participants
  Low

Propofol vs sevoflurane

Propofol showed no clear difference in brain relaxation, scales or grades compared with sevoflurane (low certainty).

• Intravenous versus inhalational techniques for rapid emergence from anaesthesia in patients undergoing brain tumour… 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
  5 studies · 867 participants
  Low

Zinc silicophosphate cement vs Any other orthodontic band adhesive

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Adhesives for fixed orthodontic bands 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No trial was identified that examined the effectiveness of zinc silicophosphate cement.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prosthesis

• Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prostheses for posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty for postoperative… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  11 studies · 1531 participants
  Moderate

Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prosthesis

• Mobile bearing vs fixed bearing prostheses for posterior cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty for postoperative… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  14 studies · 1865 participants
  Low