What do systematic reviews say?

1,171 questions · 1,373 findings · 60 reviews · Dental caries

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No studies found 282 · 20.5%GRADE not reported 606 · 44.1%Very low 257 · 18.7%Low 160 · 11.7%Moderate 66 · 4.8%High 2 · 0.1%

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Thermal sensitivity · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) led to lower thermal sensitivity compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 to 8 weeks
MD -1.10 [-1.64, -0.55]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Subjective assessment of sensitivity · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) showed no clear difference in subjective assessment of sensitivity compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 to 8 weeks
SMD -0.67 [-1.44, 0.10]
3 studies · 206 participants
GRADE not reported

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Air blast sensitivity · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) led to lower air blast sensitivity compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 to 8 weeks
SMD -1.25 [-1.65, -0.85]
6 studies · 392 participants
GRADE not reported

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) vs Control toothpaste (without potassium)

Tactile sensitivity (method b, continuous probe) · Healthy human adults (18 years or more) with dentine hypersensitivity from exposed root surfaces

Potassium containing toothpaste (5% potassium nitrate) led to higher tactile sensitivity (method b, continuous probe) compared with control toothpaste (without potassium); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Potassium containing toothpastes for dentine hypersensitivity 2006 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 to 8 weeks
SMD 1.19 [0.79, 1.59]
5 studies · 356 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs) compared with fluoride mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.89 [0.78, 1.00]
5 studies
GRADE not reported

Fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Proportion of children developing new caries (permanent) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in proportion of children developing new caries (permanent) compared with fluoride mouthrinse; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.90 [0.60, 1.37]
1 study
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.05 [-0.05, 0.15]
4 studies · 1678 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse (0.05-0.32% sodium fluoride or amine fluoride) added to daily fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride mouthrinse

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride mouthrinse combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride mouthrinse alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.88 [0.67, 1.17]
3 studies · 1697 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride gel alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.00 [0.72, 1.40]
1 study · 344 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Adverse effects (tooth staining and other side effects) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Adverse-effect data scarcely reported: a stain score in one trial and 'any side effects' in one trial without complete or useable data (stated 'no side effects observed in both groups'). No useful information on tooth…
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer

Adverse drug reactions · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Planned outcome; no adverse-reaction data were reported by the included trial.
0 studies
No studies found

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride varnish

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride varnish alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 0.75 [0.22, 2.59]
1 study · 196 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride gel combined with fluoride mouthrinse vs Fluoride gel

Caries increment on permanent tooth surfaces (D(M)FS), prevented fraction · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Nearest to 3 years
PF 0.23 [0.04, 0.43]
2 studies · 497 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

Fluoride varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste showed no clear difference in unacceptability of treatment (drop-outs / leaving study early) compared with fluoride toothpaste alone; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
RR 1.29 [0.61, 2.71]
2 studies · 294 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride mouthrinse, gel or varnish combined with fluoride toothpaste (any combined regimen) vs Fluoride toothpaste alone

Adverse effects: dental fluorosis · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Combinations of topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels, varnishes) versus single topical fluoride for… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Fluorosis data have not been reported in any of the trials.
0 studies
No studies found

Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer

Pain following treatment · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
Planned outcome; pain following treatment was not reported by the included trial (earlier trial publications reported treatment times, not pain).
0 studies
No studies found

Ozone applied to the carious lesion (10 or 40 seconds), with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice vs No ozone, with a fluoride reductant and oral hygiene/preventive advice (as in the intervention group)

Adverse events · People of any age with caries (including demineralisation in non-cavitated carious lesions); the caries may affect any single tooth…

1 finding from 1 review

Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
To 6 months
Baysan 2003 stated that no adverse events were reported to 6 months; no information was provided by Abu-Naba'a 2003 or Abu-Naba'a 2003pilot.
1 study
GRADE not reported

Direct resin composite veneer vs Indirect resin composite veneer

Restoration failure · Patients with permanent anterior teeth with intrinsic staining suitable for laminate veneer restorations

1 finding from 1 review

Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 years
Meijering 1998 (data by restoration, not pooled; no statistical analysis possible). Failures over 2-year follow-up: direct resin composite (n=69) 4 absolute and 14 relative failures; indirect resin composite (n=54) 7…
1 study · 123 participants
GRADE not reported

Fluoride toothpaste vs Fluoride gel

Caries increment in permanent teeth · Children and adolescents aged 16 years or less

1 finding from 1 review

One topical fluoride (toothpastes, or mouthrinses, or gels, or varnishes) versus another for preventing dental caries… 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
1 to 3 years (final follow-up)
PF 0.00 [-0.21, 0.21]
3 studies · 1256 participants
GRADE not reported

Indirect veneer with no incisal edge reduction vs Indirect veneer with incisal edge reduction (1.5 mm plus short palatal bevel)

Restoration longevity · Patients receiving indirect laminate veneer restorations on permanent anterior teeth

1 finding from 1 review

Direct versus indirect veneer restorations for intrinsic dental stains 2004 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 years
Meijering 1998 (Table 3): survival percentages by preparation type at 2 years (original/functional/overall) - no incisal edge reduction 98/97/95; incisal reduction 95/90/87. No statistical comparison performed.
1 study
GRADE not reported