What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in oesophagitis (grade 3 to 4) (low certainty).

• Palliative radiotherapy regimens for patients with thoracic symptoms from non‐small cell lung cancer 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.81, 1.87]
  8 studies · 1301 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in radiation Myelopathy (any grade) (moderate certainty).

• Palliative radiotherapy regimens for patients with thoracic symptoms from non‐small cell lung cancer 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.29 [0.37, 4.51]
  11 studies · 2663 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in radiation pneumonitis (any grade) (low certainty).

• Palliative radiotherapy regimens for patients with thoracic symptoms from non‐small cell lung cancer 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.62 [0.23, 1.66]
  3 studies · 533 participants
  Low

Pilocarpine vs placebo

• Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Johnson 1993 (5 mg tds): sweating 37%, headache 15%, urinary frequency 14%, vasodilatation 12%, dizziness 10%, dyspepsia 10%, nausea 8%, asthenia 8%, diarrhoea 5%; 6% withdrew at 5 mg tds and 29% at 10 mg tds. LeVeque…
  2 studies · 278 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

• Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Davies 1994 assessed dysgeusia and dysphagia; pilocarpine reported more effective than mucin-based artificial saliva for dysgeusia. No pooled data.
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

• Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Davies 1994 (cross-over, 20 participants): mean improvement in VAS score 22.5 mm with pilocarpine vs 15.2 mm with artificial saliva (100 mm scale). The improvement was greater with pilocarpine but was not statistically…
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Pilocarpine vs Artificial saliva

• Parasympathomimetic drugs for the treatment of salivary gland dysfunction due to radiotherapy 2015 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Davies 1994: main side effects with pilocarpine were nausea 20%, sweating 15%, lacrimation 10%. One participant definitely withdrew because of side effects; another may have.
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in mortality (instead of OS) (moderate certainty).

• The role of additional radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.01 [0.79, 1.3]
  1 study · 411 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower relapses/death (instead of PFS) (low certainty).

• The role of additional radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.79 [0.63, 0.99]
  1 study · 411 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• The role of additional radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events: treatment‐related neurotoxicity (very low certainty).

• The role of additional radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.85 [0.98, 3.48]
  1 study · 79 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• The role of additional radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 84 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• The role of additional radiotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphoma 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall Survival (median (low certainty).

• Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.11 [0.83, 1.48]
  5 studies · 663 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in progression free survival (low certainty).

• Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.76 [0.53, 1.1]
  2 studies · 378 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower any intracranial disease progression at 1 year (low certainty).

• Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.35, 0.6]
  4 studies · 304 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 209 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 436 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Surgery or radiosurgery plus whole brain radiotherapy versus surgery or radiosurgery alone for brain metastases 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 568 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: EBRT vs no EBRT

Summary of findings: EBRT showed no clear difference in death from all causes compared with no EBRT (moderate certainty).

• Adjuvant radiotherapy for stage I endometrial cancer 2012 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.82, 1.2]
  2628 participants
  Moderate