What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroids vs single course

Summary of findings table ‐ Repeat dose(s) of prenatal corticosteroid showed no clear difference in A9: Severe intraventricular haemorrhage (grade 3 or 4) – all fetuses… compared with single course (moderate certainty).

• Repeat doses of prenatal corticosteroids for women at risk of preterm birth for improving neonatal health outcomes 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.13 [0.69, 1.86]
  7 studies · 5066 participants
  Moderate

Dexamethasone: oral vs intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes

It is very uncertain whether dexamethasone: oral changes intraventricular haemorrhage compared with intramuscular – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

• Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.24 [0.96, 18.83]
  1 study · 183 participants
  Very low

Betamethasone acetate plus phosphate vs betamethasone phosphate – fetal/neonatal outcomes

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone acetate plus phosphate changes intraventricular haemorrhage compared with betamethasone phosphate – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

• Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.32 [0.01, 7.69]
  1 study · 69 participants
  Very low

Betamethasone 12‐hourly vs 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes

It is very uncertain whether betamethasone 12‐hourly changes intraventricular haemorrhage compared with 24‐hourly dosing – fetal/neonatal outcomes (very low certainty).

• Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.4 [0.73, 2.7]
  1 study · 253 participants
  Very low

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – child outcomes

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage compared with betamethasone – fetal/neonatal outcomes (low certainty).

• Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.28, 1.81]
  4 studies · 1901 participants
  Low

Interventions for involving patients in decision‐making about their health care vs usual care

• Shared decision‐making interventions for people with mental health conditions 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 53 participants
  Very low

Supportive and counselling interventions vs treatment

• Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 538 participants
  Very low

CBT vs treatment

It is very uncertain whether CBT treatments changes neuropsychiatric symptoms post‐treatment compared with treatment (very low certainty).

• Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety in dementia and mild cognitive impairment 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  SMD 0.06
  5 studies · 401 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in delayed gastric emptying (all definitions) (low certainty).

• Antecolic versus retrocolic reconstruction after partial pancreaticoduodenectomy 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.67 [0.41, 1.09]
  8 studies · 818 participants
  Low

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention vs no WASH intervention

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention showed no clear difference in ascaris lumbricoides prevalence compared with no WASH intervention (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil‐transmitted helminth infection 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.87 [0.73, 1.03]
  11 studies · 25576 participants
  Moderate

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention vs no WASH intervention

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention showed no clear difference in trichuris trichiura prevalence compared with no WASH intervention (low certainty).

• Interventions to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene for preventing soil‐transmitted helminth infection 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.77, 1.14]
  9 studies · 23981 participants
  Low

Antihistamines vs scopolamine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antihistamines vs antiemetics

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 42 participants
  Low

Antihistamines vs acupuncture

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Antihistamines vs placebo

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 42 participants
  Low

Antihistamines vs placebo

Antihistamines may leads to higher adverse effects: sedation Assessed by: adverse effect questionnaire… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.51 [1.12, 2.02]
  2 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Antihistamines vs placebo

Antihistamines showed no clear difference in adverse effects: impaired cognition Assessed by: adverse effect… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.89 [0.58, 1.38]
  2 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Antihistamines vs placebo

Antihistamines showed no clear difference in adverse effects: blurred vision Assessed by: adverse effect… compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Antihistamines for motion sickness 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.53, 2.48]
  2 studies · 190 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Overall prognosis of preschool autism spectrum disorder diagnoses 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Whole‐facility changes: Home‐like models vs traditional environment

• Physical environmental designs in residential care to improve quality of life of older people 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  257 participants
  Very low