Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,149 questions · 1,211 findings · 179 reviews

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No studies found 175 · 14.5%GRADE not reported 86 · 7.1%Very low 286 · 23.6%Low 341 · 28.2%Moderate 254 · 21%High 69 · 5.7%

Multifactorial interventions vs usual care or attention control

Adverse effects · Older people living in the community

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Multifactorial interventions vs exercise

Falls · Older people living in the community

It is very uncertain whether multifactorial interventions changes rate of falls (falls per person years) compared with exercise (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Multifactorial and multiple component interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Rate ratio 0.13 [0.01, 2.46]
1 study · 51 participants
Very low

TENS vs sham

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic back pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

tDCS vs sham

Reduction in anxiety and depression · chronic neuropathic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 35 participants
Very low

tDCS vs sham

Improvement in QoL · chronic neuropathic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 19 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Reduction in pain · chronic neuropathic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Reduction in anxiety and depression · chronic neuropathic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Intervention not reported

Reduction in fatigue · chronic neuropathic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Telephone‐Delivered Education Group vs sham

Reduction in pain interference, depression,fatigu e · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 163 participants
Very low

Telephone‐Delivered Education Group vs sham

Improvement in pain, self efficacy,patient activation, health‐related quality of life, social role satisfaction,resilience,positive and negative affect · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 163 participants
Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain interference · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 22 participants
Very low

Hypnosis vs relaxation control

BPI: Brief Pain Inventory · chronic pain in MS

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

TENS vs sham

Reduction in disability · chronic back pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 90 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain intensity · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in fatigue · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Neurofeedback vs relaxation control

Reduction in pain interference · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 20 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Reduction in pain · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 110 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Reduction in disability · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low

Reflexology vs sham

Improvement in quality of life · chronic pain in MS

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for chronic pain in multiple sclerosis 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 71 participants
Very low