Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,751 questions · 12,775 findings · 807 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,413 · 26.7%GRADE not reported 709 · 5.5%Very low 3,483 · 27.3%Low 3,165 · 24.8%Moderate 1,628 · 12.7%High 377 · 3%

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Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(295) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1153 participants
Low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1153 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(354) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 243 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2834) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2109 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(0) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 253 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1774 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2134) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1309 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1309 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(889) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1421 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1421 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2578) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 1948 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(60) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 31 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2169) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 4007 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(621) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

2 findings from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1336 participants
Very low
Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 1336 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(5032) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
15 studies · 4752 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(1003) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 533 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(242) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 182 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2693) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
16 studies · 3886 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2601) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
12 studies · 3615 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(4984) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 4688 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(513) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 369 participants
Very low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(939) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
6 studies · 2674 participants
Low

Summary of findings 2: Immunotherapies vs placebo

(2384) · adults with multiple sclerosis Interventions: immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory drugs Comparator: placebo Outcome: withdrawals due to…

1 finding from 1 review

Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta‐analysis 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
17 studies · 3692 participants
Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training vs alternative mental health literacy interventions

Individual mental health ‐ not measured · improving mental health and wellbeing

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Mental Health First Aid as a tool for improving mental health and well‐being 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found