What do systematic reviews say?

Cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  2 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 47 participants
  GRADE not reported

Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping)

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  1 week
  Wirthlin 2011 reported altered taste sensation as the adverse event. OLT scores could not be included in the analysis as the group-wise data were not given.
  1 study · 22 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mouthwash (amine/stannous fluoride; or chlorhexidine + cetylpyridinium + zinc) vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash or tap water

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  7 days
  Wigger-Alberti 2010 mouthwash data (ASF; CHX + CPC + Zn; CHX; tap water) were calculated from a graph (Additional Table 1) but not included, as the report did not give details of sample size per group.
  1 study
  GRADE not reported

Pycnogenol chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

Pycnogenol chewing gum showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl mercaptan compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -8.4 [-24.95, 8.15]
  1 study · 21 participants
  GRADE not reported

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

It is very uncertain whether special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) changes plaque (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (very low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD 0.20 [-0.45, 0.85]
  1 study · 25 participants
  Very low
• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
  MD -0.44 [-0.93, 0.05]
  1 study · 18 participants
  Very low

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) vs Manual toothbrush

Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Short term (<6 weeks)
  MD -0.10 [-0.77, 0.57]
  1 study · 25 participants
  Low

Chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether chlorhexidine + zinc acetate mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 3 months
  MD -0.2 [-0.58, 0.18]
  1 study · 44 participants
  Very low

Pycnogenol chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

Pycnogenol chewing gum showed no clear difference in VSC: methyl sulphide compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  4 weeks
  MD -4.7 [-27.01, 17.61]
  1 study · 21 participants
  GRADE not reported

Mechanical tongue cleaning (tongue scraper) vs No tongue cleaning

It is very uncertain whether mechanical tongue cleaning (tongue scraper) changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with no tongue cleaning (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 2 weeks
  MD -0.2 [-0.34, -0.07]
  2 studies · 46 participants
  Very low

0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum vs Placebo chewing gum

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
  0 studies
  No studies found

0.2% zinc sulphate toothpaste vs Placebo toothpaste (without zinc)

It is very uncertain whether 0.2% zinc sulphate toothpaste changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with placebo toothpaste (without zinc) (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  MD -1.31 [-1.39, -1.23]
  1 study · 187 participants
  Very low

Sodium bicarbonate toothpaste vs Control toothpaste (without sodium bicarbonate)

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  6 weeks
  Adverse events reported by Lomax 2017 were not related to the interventions.
  1 study · 148 participants
  GRADE not reported

Subgingival laser irradiation + povidone-iodine vs SRP

It is very uncertain whether subgingival laser irradiation + povidone-iodine changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with SRP alone (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 4 weeks
  MD 0.49 [0.3, 0.68]
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Storage of the tooth prior to replantation (storage medium) vs Different storage medium or dry storage

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies
  No studies found

Oral hygiene care training of carers vs No training (or a placebo training session) of carers

Oral hygiene care training of carers may leads to higher oral health knowledge of carers (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (low certainty).

• Oral hygiene interventions for people with intellectual disabilities 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Medium term (6 weeks to 12 months)
  MD 0.69 [0.31, 1.06]
  2 studies · 189 participants
  Low

Extra-oral pulp extirpation at day 0 vs Intra-oral pulp extirpation at day 7

It is very uncertain whether extra-oral pulp extirpation at day 0 changes radiographic resorption (proxy measure for periodontal healing) at… compared with intra-oral pulp extirpation at day 7 (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  RR 1.35 [0.81, 2.24]
  1 study · 19 participants
  Very low

Miswak (Salvadora persica) stick vs Chlorhexidine mouthwash

It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) stick changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  mean 1 week
  MD -0.55 [-1.33, 0.23]
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in cellulose foam placed in extraction socket vs placebo, no treatment or surveillance only

It is very uncertain whether PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in cellulose foam placed in extraction… changes incidence of ORN compared with no treatment/placebo (cellulose foam only) placed in extraction socket (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  5-year follow-up
  OR 3.32 [0.58, 19.09]
  1 study · 44 participants
  Very low

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Benzethonium chloride mouthwash showed no clear difference in VSC: hydrogen sulphide compared with placebo mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

• Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  9 days
  MD -125.1 [-286.32, 36.12]
  1 study · 20 participants
  GRADE not reported

Hyperbaric oxygen (following replantation) vs control

It is very uncertain whether hyperbaric oxygen (following replantation) changes pulpal healing at 12 months compared with control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for treating traumatised permanent front teeth: avulsed (knocked out) and replanted 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes

  12 months
  RR 1.25 [1.06, 1.48]
  1 study · 69 participants
  Very low