What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings TIVA vs inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia

• Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 175 participants
  Very low

3% prilocaine, 0.03 IU felypressin vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: Not measured.
  0 studies
  No studies found

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: Not measured.
  0 studies
  No studies found

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 0.5% bupivacaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: Not measured.
  0 studies
  No studies found

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine showed no clear difference in adverse effects: pain on injection (solution deposition),… compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  0-1 minute following needle insertion
  MD 4.74 [-1.98, 11.46]
  3 studies · 157 participants
  Moderate

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine probably leads to higher adverse effects: pain following injection, Heft-Parker VAS 0-170 mm compared with 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine (moderate certainty).

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes

  Measured at the time anaesthesia wore off
  MD 6.41 [1.01, 11.8]
  3 studies · 156 participants
  Moderate

4% articaine, 1:200,000 epinephrine vs 4% articaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: See comment, not estimable; 63 participants, 187 interventions (1 study); 1 case of urticaria occurred (unclear which anaesthetic). Not pooled/graded.
  1 study · 63 participants
  GRADE not reported

2% mepivacaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine vs 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Injectable local anaesthetic agents for dental anaesthesia 2018 · Cochrane All outcomes
  SoF: Not measured.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any upright vs supine

• Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  19 studies · 5811 participants
  Very low

Any upright vs supine

Any upright probably leads to lower mode of birth: assisted birth compared with supine position (moderate certainty).

• Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.75 [0.66, 0.86]
  21 studies · 6481 participants
  Moderate

Any upright vs supine

Any upright showed no clear difference in mode of birth: caesarean section compared with supine position (low certainty).

• Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.22 [0.81, 1.81]
  16 studies · 5439 participants
  Low

Any upright vs supine

Any upright showed no clear difference in trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: second degree… compared with supine position (low certainty).

• Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.2 [1, 1.44]
  18 studies · 6715 participants
  Low

Any upright vs supine

It is very uncertain whether any upright changes trauma to the birth canal that required suturing: third/fourth… compared with supine position (very low certainty).

• Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.32, 1.65]
  6 studies · 1840 participants
  Very low

Any upright vs supine

Any upright probably leads to higher blood loss > 500 mL compared with supine position (moderate certainty).

• Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.48 [1.1, 1.98]
  15 studies · 5615 participants
  Moderate

Any upright vs supine

Any upright showed no clear difference in admission to neonatal intensive care unit compared with supine position (low certainty).

• Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.51, 1.21]
  4 studies · 2565 participants
  Low

Ocriplasmin injection vs control

Ocriplasmin injection leads to higher closure of macular hole compared with control (high certainty).

• Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.87 [1.5, 5.51]
  Studies not reported
  High

Ocriplasmin injection vs control

Ocriplasmin injection leads to higher complete posterior vitreous detachment compared with control (high certainty).

• Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.94 [1.39, 6.24]
  Studies not reported
  High

Ocriplasmin injection vs control

Ocriplasmin injection probably leads to higher 3‐line or greater improvement in best‐corrected visual acuity compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.95 [1.07, 3.53]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Ocriplasmin injection vs control

Ocriplasmin injection probably leads to lower requirement for vitrectomy compared with control (moderate certainty).

• Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.5, 0.91]
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Ocriplasmin injection vs control

• Ocriplasmin for symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate