What do systematic reviews say?

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in stillbirth (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.31, 2.15]
  1 study · 529 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in neonatal death (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.78 [0.75, 10.36]
  1 study · 529 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

The intervention probably leads to higher small‐for‐gestational age (moderate certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.58 [1.03, 2.41]
  1 study · 505 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in preterm birth (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.14 [0.83, 1.56]
  1 study · 505 participants
  Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in stillbirth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.07, 1.9]
  1 study · 431 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 504 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 486 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 184 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 184 participants
  Very low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in neonatal death compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.28 [0.35, 4.72]
  1 study · 448 participants
  Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Nutritional education showed no clear difference in small‐for‐gestational age compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.97 [0.45, 2.11]
  1 study · 404 participants
  Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

Nutritional education may leads to lower preterm birth compared with no counselling or education during pregnancy (low certainty).

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.46 [0.21, 0.98]
  2 studies · 449 participants
  Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 320 participants
  Low

Nutritional education vs no counselling or education during pregnancy

• Antenatal dietary education and supplementation to increase energy and protein intake 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 233 participants
  Very low