Gingival inflammation (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (medium term) compared with manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Oral health assessment and oral bacteria levels (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
Comparison 1.5 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Single-use suction toothbrush vs standard manual toothbrush (both with a chemical agent), 90 days, Ferozali 2007: Total Oral…
1 study · 22 participants
Very low
Dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) mouthwash changes dentist-reported organoleptic test (OLT) score (scale 0 to 5) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Children and adults with mild to profound ID; setting residential or school
It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene training (toothbrushing routine) of people with ID changes plaque (short term) compared with no oral hygiene training of people with ID (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
0.2% zinc sulphate toothpaste led to lower volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with placebo toothpaste (without zinc); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) mouthwash changes patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gingival bleeding (various bleeding indices) · Adults (mean age 30.9 years), level of ID unclear; setting day centre
Scheduled dental recall intervals (1-, 3- or 6-monthly; oral hygiene… showed no clear difference in gingival bleeding (long term) compared with usual care (no specific treatment) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth survival · People with avulsed and replanted permanent (front) teeth
1 finding from 1 review
Tooth survival at 12 months: Not estimable (due to no events in either arm); 27 teeth in 22 patients (1 RCT). At 12 months, no teeth were lost. 1 tooth was lost at 16 months in the Ultracal group.
1 study · 22 participants
Very low
Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (toothbrushing behaviour) (medium and long term) · Children and adults with mild to profound ID; setting residential or school
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (steps achieved in a toothbrushing routine), 100 days to 19 months; 59 participants (4 NRS); Very Low. Results not in a format for meta-analysis: 3 NRS (56 participants) reported…
4 studies · 59 participants
Very low
Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (carer experience) (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
Comparison 1.6 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Bildt 2010, Superbrush vs conventional, 4 months, 18 participants (1 RCT): carer handling of toothbrush MD 0.50 (95% CI -0.35 to…
1 study · 18 participants
Very low
Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (carer experience) (medium term) · People with mixed levels of ID (age range unclear); setting residential
It is very uncertain whether oral hygiene care training of carers changes behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy of carers (medium term) compared with no training (or a placebo training session) of carers (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), halimeter · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
0.6% eucalyptus chewing gum showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) compared with 0.4% eucalyptus chewing gum; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Patient-reported OLT score · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
VSC: hydrogen sulphide · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Pycnogenol chewing gum led to lower VSC: hydrogen sulphide compared with placebo chewing gum; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review
Patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
It is very uncertain whether miswak (Salvadora persica) stick changes patient self-assessment VAS (scale 0 to 10) compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
VSC: hydrogen sulphide · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Chlorine dioxide mouthrinse (with tongue scraping) showed no clear difference in VSC: hydrogen sulphide compared with chlorhexidine mouthwash (with tongue scraping); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
Protease cysteine + actinidine tablets showed no clear difference in volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), OralChroma compared with placebo tablets; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), gas chromatography · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…
1 finding from 1 review