Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,733 questions · 1,794 findings · 326 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 243 · 13.5%GRADE not reported 96 · 5.4%Very low 597 · 33.3%Low 506 · 28.2%Moderate 303 · 16.9%High 49 · 2.7%

Tacrolimus 0.1% vs corticosteroids

Physician's assessment of global response of improvement, clear or excellent ‐ 6 weeks · people with atopic dermatitis

Tacrolimus 0.1% probably leads to higher physician's assessment of global response of improvement, clear or… compared with corticosteroids (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes functional ability (short‐term) AKPS (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes functional ability (short‐term) AKPS (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Usual pain (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (short‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Supervised exercise therapy vs home exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 2 months (1 study); not stated (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether supervised exercises changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with home exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Change in short‐term disability 3 months or less after the start of the intervention Measures: GLTEQ · People with multiple sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review