Findings

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

1,361 questions · 1,518 findings · 352 reviews

No studies found 73 · 4.8%GRADE not reported 211 · 13.9%Very low 500 · 32.9%Low 411 · 27.1%Moderate 252 · 16.6%High 71 · 4.7%

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Closed kinetic chain exercises vs open kinetic chain exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 4 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 6 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 8 weeks (1 study); not…

It is very uncertain whether closed kinetic chain exercises changes functional ability (short‐term) AKPS (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with open kinetic chain exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Usual pain (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes pain during activity (short‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes pain during activity (long‐term) NPRS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip + knee vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (1 study); symptoms > 3 months (2…

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip + knee changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (short‐term) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes pain during activity (long‐term) Scale (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes pain during activity (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Target of exercise: hip vs knee exercises

Functional status, long‐term · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 1 month (1 study); symptoms > 6 months (1 study))

It is very uncertain whether target of exercise: hip changes functional ability (long‐term) WOMAC (0 to 96; inverted scores so… compared with knee exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes usual pain (short‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes usual pain (long‐term) VAS (0 to 10; higher scores mean worse pain) compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

High‐intensity vs low‐intensity exercise programmes

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (untreated PFPS of over 2 months in duration)

It is very uncertain whether high‐intensity changes functional ability (short‐term) FIQ modified (0 to 16; higher scores… compared with low‐intensity exercise programmes (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Exercise therapy vs a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls)

Functional ability · patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome (symptoms > 3 weeks (1 study); symptoms > 1 month (3 studies); symptoms > 2 months (2 studies);…

It is very uncertain whether exercise therapy changes functional ability (short‐term) Scale (0 to 100; higher scores mean… compared with a control strategy (no treatment, placebo or waiting list controls) (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐ anemia · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

Non‐platinum therapies may leads to higher grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐… compared with platinum combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐ thrombocytopenia · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

Non‐platinum therapies may leads to higher grade 3 or higher hematological toxicity for platinum therapies ‐… compared with platinum combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Grade 3 or higher Non‐Hematological Toxicity for Platinum‐based therapies ‐ Peripheral neuropathy · non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population

Non‐platinum therapies may leads to higher grade 3 or higher Non‐Hematological Toxicity for Platinum‐based… compared with platinum combination (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FAE vs placebo

PASI score (scale range from 0 to 72 (higher score indicates more severe psoriasis)) · psoriasis
1 finding from 1 review