Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup (irritable bowel syndrome) Different measures were used to assess improvement in pain, as above. · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Probiotics probably leads to higher improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Subgroup… compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
1 finding from 1 review
Improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in pain was defined and measured differently in the 2 included studies: using a "stomach ache diary" and the Faces Pain Scale (Bieri 1990). · Children with recurrent abdominal pain
Fibre showed no clear difference in improvement in pain: 0 to 3 months' postintervention Improvement in… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants who developed a new urinary stone · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy
Potassium citrate may leads to lower proportion of participants who developed a new urinary stone compared with no intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants with adverse events while undergoing intervention · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy
It is very uncertain whether potassium citrate changes proportion of participants with adverse events while undergoing… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Retreatment · children with idiopathic urinary calculi treated with shockwave lithotripsy
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Change in BMI (kg/m²) · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events (serious adverse events) · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese
The intervention showed no clear difference in adverse events (serious adverse events) (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Change in health‐related quality of life (SMD) Parent‐reported measures Instruments: PedsQL parent proxy: 23 items that yield total, physical summary, and psychosocial summary scores, each with a possible range of 0‐100 (100 = best possible health... · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Morbidity · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Socioeconomic effects · children (aged 6 to 11 years) being overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
a) Change in BMI · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Adverse events · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low
Intervention not reported
Health‐related quality of life Validated self‐reported measures · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
All‐cause mortality · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Morbidity · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Socioeconomic effects · adolescents (aged 12‐17 years) being overweight or obese
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Improvement in nutritional intake · participants with schizophrenia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Intervention not reported
Change in measures of nutritional status: weight (kg), body mass index (kg/ m2), and waist/ hip ratio (cms) · participants with schizophrenia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found